Heating Systems Operation and Maintenance
Section 1: Introduction - ufc_3_410_05n0020
Maintenance Program - ufc_3_410_05n0021
Tool Requirement
Safety - ufc_3_410_05n0023
Safety -Cont.
Section 1: Self-Study Questions
Section 2: Residential and Commercial Gas Fired Furnaces
Figure 1 LP Storage Tank
Figure 2. Pressure/Temperature Relationship for Propane and Butane
Gas Burning Equipment
Figure 3. Cross Section of A Typical Atmospheric Gas Burner
Figure 5. Manifold and Multiple Burner Arrangement
Table 1. Orifice Capacity Table (1000 BTU/HR)
Light Off
Pilot Burner
Figure 7. Pilot Safety Valve in Conjunction with Main Gas Valve
Figure 8. Pilot Light Flame Positions
Combination Gas Valve
Figure 10. Combination Gas Valve
Bimetal Type Pilot
Heat Exchanger - ufc_3_410_05n0040
Figure 14. Heat Exchanger and Furnace Fan
Furnace Fan
Figure 16. Direct Drive and Belt Driven fans
Figure 17. Fan Safety Cutoff Switches
Figure 18. Time Delay Fan Switch
Limit Switches
Figure 20. Combination Fan Limit Switch
Milivoltage Systems
Pilot Relay
Figure 22. Pilot Generator and Thermocouple Construction
Figure 23. Pilot Operated Diaphragm Valve
Automatic Flue Damper
Electronic Ignition Systems
Figure 25. Eletronic Ignition Retrofit Kit
Condensing Furnaces
Table 2. Pilot Burner Service Analysis Chart
Table 3. Troubleshooting Furnace Operations
Table 3. Troubleshooting Furnace Operations -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0058
Table 3. Troubleshooting Furnace Operations -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0059
Table 3. Troubleshooting Furnace Operations -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0060
Section 2: Self-Study Questions
Section 3: Residential and Commercial Oil-Fired Furnaces
Oil Combustion
Oil Combustion -Cont.
Table 4. Amount by Weight and Volume of Combustion Products
Table 5. Amount by Weight and Volume of Combustion Products When One Pound of Fuel Oil is Burned (50 Percent Excess Air)
Role of Excess Air in Combustion
Figure 27. Representation of the Effect of Excess Air on Combustion Gas Temperature
Figure 28. The Effect of Excess Air on Carbon Dioxide
Effects of Air Leaks
Combustion Chamber
Floor Size
Figure 30.Combustion Chamber Design
Table 6. Combustion Chamber Sizing Data
Table 6. Combustion Chamber Sizing Data -Cont.
Burning Setting
Figure 31. Recommended Minimum Inside Dimensions of Refractory Type Combustion Chambers
Heat Exchanger - ufc_3_410_05n0078
Draft - ufc_3_410_05n0079
Figure 32. Approximate Relationship for Percent Excess Air with Flame Temperature and Volume of Combustion Gases
Draft -Cont.
Draft Regulators
Figure 33. Draft Regulator
Draft Over the Fire
Table 8. Recommended Size and Height for Chimneys
Table 9. Common Chimney Troubles and Their Corrections
Figure 34. Diagram of Common Chimney Troubles
Figure 36. Atominazation and Ignition of Fuel Oil
Flame-Retention Burners
Figure 38. Flame Retention Oil Burner
Figure 39. Conventional and Retention Head Flames
Function of Flame Retention Burners
Adverse Effects of Flame Retention Flame Retention Burners
Burner Motor
Primary Controls
Figure 41. Stack-Mounted Primary Control
Figure 42. One Piece Primary Control
Stack Detector
Stack Loss Theory
Assumptions
Assumptions -Cont.
Figure 46. Theoretical Combustion Relationship Between Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen for No. 2 Heating Oil
Figure 47. Bacharach Instrument Company's Fire Finder Efficiency Chart
Table 10. Efficiency Table for No.2 Oil (Oxygen Vs. Temperature )
Table 10. Efficiency Table for No.2 Oil (Oxygen Vs. Temperature ) -Cont.
Table 11. Efficiency Table for No.2 Oil (Carbon Dioxide Vs. Temperature)
Table 11. Efficiency Table for No.2 Oil (Carbon Dioxide Vs. Temperature) -Cont.
Figure 48. Graph of Heating Plant Efficiency
Fyrite Analyzer
Amount of Carbon Dioxide in a Gas Stream
Testing with Fyrite
Determining Sampling Leakage
Measurement of Flue Gas Temperature
Smoke Measurement
Figure 51. Bacharach Smoke Spot Tester
Draft - ufc_3_410_05n0116
Figure 52. Oil Burner Smoke Scale
Maintenance - ufc_3_410_05n0118
Troubleshooting - ufc_3_410_05n0119
Burner Does Not Operate Correctly
Burner Does Not Operate Correctly -Cont.
Section 3: Self -Study Questions
Section 4: Thermostats
Figure 55. Three-Wire Thermostat with a Subbase
Thermostats - ufc_3_410_05n0125
Figure 56. Manual Changeover, Heating and Cooling Thermostat with Subbase
Figure 57. Internal Wiring of a Four-Wire Heating/Cooling Thermostat
Figure 58. System Wiring for a Four-Wire Thermostat with Heating and Cooling Anticipators
Figure 59. Four -Wire Thermostat Subbase
Table 12.Thermostat Service Analysis
Gas Furnace Electrical Circuits
Figure 61. Temperature Limit Switch in 120-Volt Circuit
Figure 62. Horizontal or Downflow Furnace with Timed Start Fan Control
Figure 63. Furnace with Bimetal Pilot Safety Switch
Figure 64. Honeywell S-86. Electronic Ignition Circuit
Figure 65. Intermittent Pilot System (IPS)
Figure 65. Intermittent Pilot System (IPS) -Cont.
Figure 66. Direct Spark Ignition System Troubleshooting Procedure
Figure 67. Carrier,BDP,Payne Pick-Hold Type Ignition
Figure 68. Automatic Pilot Reignition System Used on Roof-Top Furnaces
Figure 69. Automatic Electronic Reignition System
Oil Furnace Electrical Circuits
Figure 70. Honeywell R8118 Oil Burner Control
Figure 71. Honeywell R8119 Oil Primary Control
Section 4: Self-Study Questions
Section 5: Electrical Heat
Heating Element
Figure 73. Electric Heating Element
Operating Sequence
Blower Control
Figure 76. Electric Heat Single Element
Electric Furnace Electric Circuits
Figure 77. Electric Heat-Two Elements Operated From a Two-Storage Room Thermostat
Figure 78. Electric Heat-Three Elements Sequenced From One Room Thermostat
Figure 79. Electric Heat -Two Elements Sequenced From One Room Thermostat and an Outdoor Thermostat
Section 5: Self-Study Questions
Section 6: Steam and Hot Water Systems
Two-Pipe Water System
Control of Water Coils
Figure 83. Two-Pipe Reverse Return Hot Water System
Figure 84. Two-Pipe Reverse Return System Used to Provide Heating or Cooling
Figure 85. Unit Heater
Figure 87. Two-Way Control Valve on Heating Coil
Steam Piping
Condensate Systems
Condensate Piping
Figure 90. End of Main Drip Leg Prevents Accumulation of Codensate in the Steam Header
Figure 92. Lifting Condensate to an Overhead Return Header
Figure 93. Modulated Steam Coil with Vacuum Breaker and 12 to 24 Inch Minimum Liquid
Figure 94. Steam Distributing (Non-Freeze)Type Coil
Condensate Pumps - ufc_3_410_05n0171
Figure 96. Piping Detail to Allow for Pipe Expansion
Section 6: Self-Study Questions
Section 7: Steam Traps
Mechanical Traps
Figure 97. Inverted Bucket Trap
Figure 99. Thermostatic Trap Operation
Figure 101. Bellows and Diaphragm Traps
Liquid Filled Bellows or Diaphragm Trap
Figure 102. Float and Thermostatic (F&T) Trap
Thermal Expansion Steam Trap
Thermodynamic Traps
Figure 105. Orifice Traps
Piston Impulse Trap
Disk Trap
Selecting the Type of Trap
Table 13. Steam Trap Selection Guide
Table 13. Steam Trap Selection Guide -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0188
Table 13. Steam Trap Selection Guide -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0189
Table 14. Steam Trap Operating Characteristics
Table 14. Steam Trap Operating Characteristics -Cont.
Trap Limitations
Sizing Traps
Table 15. Estimating Condensate Loads
Installations Guidelines
Figure 108. Typical Steam Trap Installations
Installations Guidelines -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0197
Installations Guidelines -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0198
Implementing Standards
Table 18. Examples of Steam Loss for Various Orifice Sizes at 100 psig
Replacing old or Faulty Traps
Continuous Inspection and Maintenance
Baseline Survey
System Standards
Steam Trap Baseline Survey
Equipment - ufc_3_410_05n0206
Inspection Schedules
Upgrade of the System
Inspection Methods
Figure 110. Illustration of Difference Between Flash Steam and Live Steam
Sound Detection
Table 20. Normal Pipe Temperatures at Various Operating Pressures
Figure 111. Stream Trap Inspection Equipment
Inspection for Misapplication
Trap Failures
Troubleshooting - ufc_3_410_05n0216
Table 21. Troubleshooting Steam Traps
Table 21. Troubleshooting Steam Traps -Cont.
Steam Trap Inspection Log
Trap Repair and Replacement
Thermostatic - ufc_3_410_05n0221
Figure 113. Steam Trap Shop Test Stand
Section 7: Self-Study Questions
Section 8: Heat Pumps
Heat Pump Components
Figure 116. Refrigerant Piping for a Heat Pump
Four Way Reversing Valve
Figure 118. Four Way Reversing Drive
Effect of Outside Temperature
Section 8: Self-Study Questions
Section 9: Heating Systems Maintenance Procedures
Cleaning of Heat Exchangers
Controls - ufc_3_410_05n0233
Section 9: Self-Study Questions
Appendix A -Preventive Maintenance and Inspection Schedule
Appendix A -Preventive Maintenance and Inspection Schedule -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0236
Appendix A -Preventive Maintenance and Inspection Schedule -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0237
Hot Water Boilers (350,000 Btu/h or less)
Hot Water Boilers (350,000 Btu/h or less) -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0239
Hot Water Boilers (350,000 Btu/h or less) -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0240
Steam Boilers (350,000 Btu/h or Less)
Steam Boilers (350,000 Btu/h or Less) -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0242
Steam Boilers (350,000 Btu/h or Less) -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0243
Steam Boilers (350,000 Btu/h or Less) -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0244
Heat Pumps - ufc_3_410_05n0245
Heat Pumps -Cont.
Accessories - ufc_3_410_05n0247
Thermostats - ufc_3_410_05n0248
Other Accessories
Appendix B- Answers to Self -Study Questions
Appendix B- Answers to Self -Study Questions -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0251
Appendix B- Answers to Self -Study Questions -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0252
Appendix B- Answers to Self -Study Questions -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0253
Appendix B- Answers to Self -Study Questions -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0254
Glossary - ufc_3_410_05n0256
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0257
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0258
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0259
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0260
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0261
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0262
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0263
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0264
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0265
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0266
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0267
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0268
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0269
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0270
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0271
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0272
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0273
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0274
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0275
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0276
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0277
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0278
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0279
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0280
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0281
Section 1: Introduction - ufc_3_410_05n0020
Maintenance Program - ufc_3_410_05n0021
Tool Requirement
Safety - ufc_3_410_05n0023
Safety -Cont.
Section 1: Self-Study Questions
Section 2: Residential and Commercial Gas Fired Furnaces
Figure 1 LP Storage Tank
Figure 2. Pressure/Temperature Relationship for Propane and Butane
Gas Burning Equipment
Figure 3. Cross Section of A Typical Atmospheric Gas Burner
Figure 5. Manifold and Multiple Burner Arrangement
Table 1. Orifice Capacity Table (1000 BTU/HR)
Light Off
Pilot Burner
Figure 7. Pilot Safety Valve in Conjunction with Main Gas Valve
Figure 8. Pilot Light Flame Positions
Combination Gas Valve
Figure 10. Combination Gas Valve
Bimetal Type Pilot
Heat Exchanger - ufc_3_410_05n0040
Figure 14. Heat Exchanger and Furnace Fan
Furnace Fan
Figure 16. Direct Drive and Belt Driven fans
Figure 17. Fan Safety Cutoff Switches
Figure 18. Time Delay Fan Switch
Limit Switches
Figure 20. Combination Fan Limit Switch
Milivoltage Systems
Pilot Relay
Figure 22. Pilot Generator and Thermocouple Construction
Figure 23. Pilot Operated Diaphragm Valve
Automatic Flue Damper
Electronic Ignition Systems
Figure 25. Eletronic Ignition Retrofit Kit
Condensing Furnaces
Table 2. Pilot Burner Service Analysis Chart
Table 3. Troubleshooting Furnace Operations
Table 3. Troubleshooting Furnace Operations -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0058
Table 3. Troubleshooting Furnace Operations -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0059
Table 3. Troubleshooting Furnace Operations -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0060
Section 2: Self-Study Questions
Section 3: Residential and Commercial Oil-Fired Furnaces
Oil Combustion
Oil Combustion -Cont.
Table 4. Amount by Weight and Volume of Combustion Products
Table 5. Amount by Weight and Volume of Combustion Products When One Pound of Fuel Oil is Burned (50 Percent Excess Air)
Role of Excess Air in Combustion
Figure 27. Representation of the Effect of Excess Air on Combustion Gas Temperature
Figure 28. The Effect of Excess Air on Carbon Dioxide
Effects of Air Leaks
Combustion Chamber
Floor Size
Figure 30.Combustion Chamber Design
Table 6. Combustion Chamber Sizing Data
Table 6. Combustion Chamber Sizing Data -Cont.
Burning Setting
Figure 31. Recommended Minimum Inside Dimensions of Refractory Type Combustion Chambers
Heat Exchanger - ufc_3_410_05n0078
Draft - ufc_3_410_05n0079
Figure 32. Approximate Relationship for Percent Excess Air with Flame Temperature and Volume of Combustion Gases
Draft -Cont.
Draft Regulators
Figure 33. Draft Regulator
Draft Over the Fire
Table 8. Recommended Size and Height for Chimneys
Table 9. Common Chimney Troubles and Their Corrections
Figure 34. Diagram of Common Chimney Troubles
Figure 36. Atominazation and Ignition of Fuel Oil
Flame-Retention Burners
Figure 38. Flame Retention Oil Burner
Figure 39. Conventional and Retention Head Flames
Function of Flame Retention Burners
Adverse Effects of Flame Retention Flame Retention Burners
Burner Motor
Primary Controls
Figure 41. Stack-Mounted Primary Control
Figure 42. One Piece Primary Control
Stack Detector
Stack Loss Theory
Assumptions
Assumptions -Cont.
Figure 46. Theoretical Combustion Relationship Between Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen for No. 2 Heating Oil
Figure 47. Bacharach Instrument Company's Fire Finder Efficiency Chart
Table 10. Efficiency Table for No.2 Oil (Oxygen Vs. Temperature )
Table 10. Efficiency Table for No.2 Oil (Oxygen Vs. Temperature ) -Cont.
Table 11. Efficiency Table for No.2 Oil (Carbon Dioxide Vs. Temperature)
Table 11. Efficiency Table for No.2 Oil (Carbon Dioxide Vs. Temperature) -Cont.
Figure 48. Graph of Heating Plant Efficiency
Fyrite Analyzer
Amount of Carbon Dioxide in a Gas Stream
Testing with Fyrite
Determining Sampling Leakage
Measurement of Flue Gas Temperature
Smoke Measurement
Figure 51. Bacharach Smoke Spot Tester
Draft - ufc_3_410_05n0116
Figure 52. Oil Burner Smoke Scale
Maintenance - ufc_3_410_05n0118
Troubleshooting - ufc_3_410_05n0119
Burner Does Not Operate Correctly
Burner Does Not Operate Correctly -Cont.
Section 3: Self -Study Questions
Section 4: Thermostats
Figure 55. Three-Wire Thermostat with a Subbase
Thermostats - ufc_3_410_05n0125
Figure 56. Manual Changeover, Heating and Cooling Thermostat with Subbase
Figure 57. Internal Wiring of a Four-Wire Heating/Cooling Thermostat
Figure 58. System Wiring for a Four-Wire Thermostat with Heating and Cooling Anticipators
Figure 59. Four -Wire Thermostat Subbase
Table 12.Thermostat Service Analysis
Gas Furnace Electrical Circuits
Figure 61. Temperature Limit Switch in 120-Volt Circuit
Figure 62. Horizontal or Downflow Furnace with Timed Start Fan Control
Figure 63. Furnace with Bimetal Pilot Safety Switch
Figure 64. Honeywell S-86. Electronic Ignition Circuit
Figure 65. Intermittent Pilot System (IPS)
Figure 65. Intermittent Pilot System (IPS) -Cont.
Figure 66. Direct Spark Ignition System Troubleshooting Procedure
Figure 67. Carrier,BDP,Payne Pick-Hold Type Ignition
Figure 68. Automatic Pilot Reignition System Used on Roof-Top Furnaces
Figure 69. Automatic Electronic Reignition System
Oil Furnace Electrical Circuits
Figure 70. Honeywell R8118 Oil Burner Control
Figure 71. Honeywell R8119 Oil Primary Control
Section 4: Self-Study Questions
Section 5: Electrical Heat
Heating Element
Figure 73. Electric Heating Element
Operating Sequence
Blower Control
Figure 76. Electric Heat Single Element
Electric Furnace Electric Circuits
Figure 77. Electric Heat-Two Elements Operated From a Two-Storage Room Thermostat
Figure 78. Electric Heat-Three Elements Sequenced From One Room Thermostat
Figure 79. Electric Heat -Two Elements Sequenced From One Room Thermostat and an Outdoor Thermostat
Section 5: Self-Study Questions
Section 6: Steam and Hot Water Systems
Two-Pipe Water System
Control of Water Coils
Figure 83. Two-Pipe Reverse Return Hot Water System
Figure 84. Two-Pipe Reverse Return System Used to Provide Heating or Cooling
Figure 85. Unit Heater
Figure 87. Two-Way Control Valve on Heating Coil
Steam Piping
Condensate Systems
Condensate Piping
Figure 90. End of Main Drip Leg Prevents Accumulation of Codensate in the Steam Header
Figure 92. Lifting Condensate to an Overhead Return Header
Figure 93. Modulated Steam Coil with Vacuum Breaker and 12 to 24 Inch Minimum Liquid
Figure 94. Steam Distributing (Non-Freeze)Type Coil
Condensate Pumps - ufc_3_410_05n0171
Figure 96. Piping Detail to Allow for Pipe Expansion
Section 6: Self-Study Questions
Section 7: Steam Traps
Mechanical Traps
Figure 97. Inverted Bucket Trap
Figure 99. Thermostatic Trap Operation
Figure 101. Bellows and Diaphragm Traps
Liquid Filled Bellows or Diaphragm Trap
Figure 102. Float and Thermostatic (F&T) Trap
Thermal Expansion Steam Trap
Thermodynamic Traps
Figure 105. Orifice Traps
Piston Impulse Trap
Disk Trap
Selecting the Type of Trap
Table 13. Steam Trap Selection Guide
Table 13. Steam Trap Selection Guide -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0188
Table 13. Steam Trap Selection Guide -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0189
Table 14. Steam Trap Operating Characteristics
Table 14. Steam Trap Operating Characteristics -Cont.
Trap Limitations
Sizing Traps
Table 15. Estimating Condensate Loads
Installations Guidelines
Figure 108. Typical Steam Trap Installations
Installations Guidelines -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0197
Installations Guidelines -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0198
Implementing Standards
Table 18. Examples of Steam Loss for Various Orifice Sizes at 100 psig
Replacing old or Faulty Traps
Continuous Inspection and Maintenance
Baseline Survey
System Standards
Steam Trap Baseline Survey
Equipment - ufc_3_410_05n0206
Inspection Schedules
Upgrade of the System
Inspection Methods
Figure 110. Illustration of Difference Between Flash Steam and Live Steam
Sound Detection
Table 20. Normal Pipe Temperatures at Various Operating Pressures
Figure 111. Stream Trap Inspection Equipment
Inspection for Misapplication
Trap Failures
Troubleshooting - ufc_3_410_05n0216
Table 21. Troubleshooting Steam Traps
Table 21. Troubleshooting Steam Traps -Cont.
Steam Trap Inspection Log
Trap Repair and Replacement
Thermostatic - ufc_3_410_05n0221
Figure 113. Steam Trap Shop Test Stand
Section 7: Self-Study Questions
Section 8: Heat Pumps
Heat Pump Components
Figure 116. Refrigerant Piping for a Heat Pump
Four Way Reversing Valve
Figure 118. Four Way Reversing Drive
Effect of Outside Temperature
Section 8: Self-Study Questions
Section 9: Heating Systems Maintenance Procedures
Cleaning of Heat Exchangers
Controls - ufc_3_410_05n0233
Section 9: Self-Study Questions
Appendix A -Preventive Maintenance and Inspection Schedule
Appendix A -Preventive Maintenance and Inspection Schedule -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0236
Appendix A -Preventive Maintenance and Inspection Schedule -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0237
Hot Water Boilers (350,000 Btu/h or less)
Hot Water Boilers (350,000 Btu/h or less) -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0239
Hot Water Boilers (350,000 Btu/h or less) -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0240
Steam Boilers (350,000 Btu/h or Less)
Steam Boilers (350,000 Btu/h or Less) -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0242
Steam Boilers (350,000 Btu/h or Less) -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0243
Steam Boilers (350,000 Btu/h or Less) -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0244
Heat Pumps - ufc_3_410_05n0245
Heat Pumps -Cont.
Accessories - ufc_3_410_05n0247
Thermostats - ufc_3_410_05n0248
Other Accessories
Appendix B- Answers to Self -Study Questions
Appendix B- Answers to Self -Study Questions -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0251
Appendix B- Answers to Self -Study Questions -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0252
Appendix B- Answers to Self -Study Questions -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0253
Appendix B- Answers to Self -Study Questions -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0254
Glossary - ufc_3_410_05n0256
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0257
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0258
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0259
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0260
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0261
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0262
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0263
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0264
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0265
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0266
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0267
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0268
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0269
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0270
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0271
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0272
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0273
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0274
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0275
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0276
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0277
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0278
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0279
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0280
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_410_05n0281
