Air Pollution Control Systems for Boiler and Incinerators - index
Air Pollution Control Systems for Boiler and Incinerators - ufc_3_430_030001
United Facilities Criteria (UFC) - ufc_3_430_030002
Foreword - ufc_3_430_030003
Air Pollution Control Systems for Boiler and Incinerators - ufc_3_430_030004
Chapter 1 General - ufc_3_430_030006
Figure 1-1. Emission Control Procedure
Chapter 2. Incinerator Emissions
Vertical circular incinerators
Particulate emission standards
Table 2-3. Emission Factors for Refuse Incinerators Without Controls
Incinerator capacity
Sample calculations - ufc_3_430_030013
Waste Analysis
Chapter 3. Boiler Emissions
Emission standards
Emission factors
Opacity
Table 3-3. Emission Factors For Bituminous Coal Combustion Wihtout Control Equipment
Sample problems of emission estimating
Table 3-5. Emission Factors for Natural Gas Combustion
Table 3-6. Emission Factors for Bark and Wood Waste Combustion in Boilers
Table 3-7. Factors Affecting Nox Emissions
Sample Problem Number 4
Chapter 4. Stack Emission Regulators and the Permitting Process
Mathematical modeling
Presentation and hearings
Chapter 5. Measuring Techniques
Stack and source measurement techniques
Dustfall (settleable particulates)
Flue gas sampling ports
Chapter 6. Cyclones and Multicyclones
Figure 6-1. Cyclone Configuration
Figure 6-2. Types of Cyclones in Common Use
Table 6-1. Cyclone Classification
Cyclone pressure drop and energy requirements
Application - ufc_3_430_030037
Figure 6-5. Parallel and Series Arrangements for Cyclones
Figure 6-6. Efficiency Curve and Illustration of a Multicyclone Unit
Figure 6-7. Size Efficiency Curve for High Efficiency (Long Cone) Irrigated Cyclone
Fine particles
Figure 6-9. Fractional Efficiency Curves
Cyclone performance - ufc_3_430_030043
Cyclone operation
Figure 6-12. Effects of Cyclone Inlet Velocity and Grain Loading
Selection of materials
Advantages and disadvantages - ufc_3_430_030047
Chapter 7. High and Low Energy Scrubber Systems
Moving bed scrubbers
Venturi scrubbers
Gravel bed
Figure 7-5. Throat Sections of Variable Venturi Scrubbers
Treatment and disposal of waste materials
Auxiliary equipment - ufc_3_430_030054
Process measurement and control
Advantages and disadvantages - ufc_3_430_030056
Chapter 8. Electrostatic Precipitators
Incinerator application
Performance - ufc_3_430_030059
Collection electrodes
Control systems
High voltage rectifier
Advantages and disadvantages - ufc_3_430_030063
Chapter 9. Fabric Filters
Reverse flow without bag collapse
Pulse-jet
Fabric characteristics and selection
Table 9-1. Performance Comparison of Fabric Filter Cleaning Methods
Yarn type
Figure 9-5. Reverse Flow Cleaning ( with bag Collapse )
Materials and construction
Table 9-2. Properties of Fibers for High Temperature Dry Filtration
Energy requirements - ufc_3_430_030073
Advantages and disadvantages - ufc_3_430_030074
Table 9-3. Operating Characteristics of Fabric Filters
Chapter 10. Sulfur Oxide (SOx) Control Systems
Flue gas desulfurization (FGD)
Table 10-2. Performance Characteristics of Flue Gas Desulfurization
Scrubber injection of limestone
Figure 10-1. Lime (limestone) Injection System Schematic
Dual alkali sodium scrubbing
Procedure to minimize SOX emission
Figure 10-5. Single Alkali Sodium Carbonate Scrubber
Sample Problems
Sample Problems -Cont.
Table 10-3. Typical Analysis of Fuel Oil Types
Table 10-3. Typical Analysis of Fuel Oil Types
Chapter 11. Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) Control and Reduction Techniques
NOx reduction techniques
Low excess air firing with load reduction
Post combustion Systems for NOx reduction
Step-by-step NOx reduction method
Step-by-step NOx reduction method -Cont.
Table 11-4. Comparison of NOx Reduction Techniques
Chapter 12. Emission Control Equipment Selection for Incinerators and Boilers
Particulate properties
Pulverized coal-fired power boiler
Municipal solid waste-fired boilers (MSW) and boilers using refuse derived fuels(RDF)
Applications of emission control systems for incinerators
Tradeoffs and special considerations
Table 12-1. Range of Collection Efficiencies for Common Types of Particulate Control Equipment
Table 12-2. Comparison of Some Dust Collector Characteristics
Wet vs. dry collection
Table 12-3. General Guidelines in the Selection of Emission Control Equipment for Boiler Flue Gases
Chapter 13. Fluidized Bed Boilers
Figure 13-2. Pressure drop vs. gas velocity
Figure 13-3. Velocity vs. Bed Expansion
Figure 13-4. Bubbling Bed Boiler I
Figure 13-5. Bubbling Bed Boiler II
Applications - ufc_3_430_030110
Process application
Fluidized bed performance
Auxiliary equipment - ufc_3_430_030113
Advantages and disadvantages - ufc_3_430_030114
Appendix A References - ufc_3_430_030115
Glossary - ufc_3_430_030116
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_430_030117
List of Abbreviations Used in This Manual
List of Abbreviations Used in This Manual -Cont.
Bibliography - ufc_3_430_030120
Air Pollution Control Systems for Boiler and Incinerators - ufc_3_430_030001
United Facilities Criteria (UFC) - ufc_3_430_030002
Foreword - ufc_3_430_030003
Air Pollution Control Systems for Boiler and Incinerators - ufc_3_430_030004
Chapter 1 General - ufc_3_430_030006
Figure 1-1. Emission Control Procedure
Chapter 2. Incinerator Emissions
Vertical circular incinerators
Particulate emission standards
Table 2-3. Emission Factors for Refuse Incinerators Without Controls
Incinerator capacity
Sample calculations - ufc_3_430_030013
Waste Analysis
Chapter 3. Boiler Emissions
Emission standards
Emission factors
Opacity
Table 3-3. Emission Factors For Bituminous Coal Combustion Wihtout Control Equipment
Sample problems of emission estimating
Table 3-5. Emission Factors for Natural Gas Combustion
Table 3-6. Emission Factors for Bark and Wood Waste Combustion in Boilers
Table 3-7. Factors Affecting Nox Emissions
Sample Problem Number 4
Chapter 4. Stack Emission Regulators and the Permitting Process
Mathematical modeling
Presentation and hearings
Chapter 5. Measuring Techniques
Stack and source measurement techniques
Dustfall (settleable particulates)
Flue gas sampling ports
Chapter 6. Cyclones and Multicyclones
Figure 6-1. Cyclone Configuration
Figure 6-2. Types of Cyclones in Common Use
Table 6-1. Cyclone Classification
Cyclone pressure drop and energy requirements
Application - ufc_3_430_030037
Figure 6-5. Parallel and Series Arrangements for Cyclones
Figure 6-6. Efficiency Curve and Illustration of a Multicyclone Unit
Figure 6-7. Size Efficiency Curve for High Efficiency (Long Cone) Irrigated Cyclone
Fine particles
Figure 6-9. Fractional Efficiency Curves
Cyclone performance - ufc_3_430_030043
Cyclone operation
Figure 6-12. Effects of Cyclone Inlet Velocity and Grain Loading
Selection of materials
Advantages and disadvantages - ufc_3_430_030047
Chapter 7. High and Low Energy Scrubber Systems
Moving bed scrubbers
Venturi scrubbers
Gravel bed
Figure 7-5. Throat Sections of Variable Venturi Scrubbers
Treatment and disposal of waste materials
Auxiliary equipment - ufc_3_430_030054
Process measurement and control
Advantages and disadvantages - ufc_3_430_030056
Chapter 8. Electrostatic Precipitators
Incinerator application
Performance - ufc_3_430_030059
Collection electrodes
Control systems
High voltage rectifier
Advantages and disadvantages - ufc_3_430_030063
Chapter 9. Fabric Filters
Reverse flow without bag collapse
Pulse-jet
Fabric characteristics and selection
Table 9-1. Performance Comparison of Fabric Filter Cleaning Methods
Yarn type
Figure 9-5. Reverse Flow Cleaning ( with bag Collapse )
Materials and construction
Table 9-2. Properties of Fibers for High Temperature Dry Filtration
Energy requirements - ufc_3_430_030073
Advantages and disadvantages - ufc_3_430_030074
Table 9-3. Operating Characteristics of Fabric Filters
Chapter 10. Sulfur Oxide (SOx) Control Systems
Flue gas desulfurization (FGD)
Table 10-2. Performance Characteristics of Flue Gas Desulfurization
Scrubber injection of limestone
Figure 10-1. Lime (limestone) Injection System Schematic
Dual alkali sodium scrubbing
Procedure to minimize SOX emission
Figure 10-5. Single Alkali Sodium Carbonate Scrubber
Sample Problems
Sample Problems -Cont.
Table 10-3. Typical Analysis of Fuel Oil Types
Table 10-3. Typical Analysis of Fuel Oil Types
Chapter 11. Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) Control and Reduction Techniques
NOx reduction techniques
Low excess air firing with load reduction
Post combustion Systems for NOx reduction
Step-by-step NOx reduction method
Step-by-step NOx reduction method -Cont.
Table 11-4. Comparison of NOx Reduction Techniques
Chapter 12. Emission Control Equipment Selection for Incinerators and Boilers
Particulate properties
Pulverized coal-fired power boiler
Municipal solid waste-fired boilers (MSW) and boilers using refuse derived fuels(RDF)
Applications of emission control systems for incinerators
Tradeoffs and special considerations
Table 12-1. Range of Collection Efficiencies for Common Types of Particulate Control Equipment
Table 12-2. Comparison of Some Dust Collector Characteristics
Wet vs. dry collection
Table 12-3. General Guidelines in the Selection of Emission Control Equipment for Boiler Flue Gases
Chapter 13. Fluidized Bed Boilers
Figure 13-2. Pressure drop vs. gas velocity
Figure 13-3. Velocity vs. Bed Expansion
Figure 13-4. Bubbling Bed Boiler I
Figure 13-5. Bubbling Bed Boiler II
Applications - ufc_3_430_030110
Process application
Fluidized bed performance
Auxiliary equipment - ufc_3_430_030113
Advantages and disadvantages - ufc_3_430_030114
Appendix A References - ufc_3_430_030115
Glossary - ufc_3_430_030116
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_430_030117
List of Abbreviations Used in This Manual
List of Abbreviations Used in This Manual -Cont.
Bibliography - ufc_3_430_030120
