Solar Heating of Buildings and Domestic Hot Water - index
Solar Heating of Buildings and Domestic Hot Water - ufc_3_440_04n0001
Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) - ufc_3_440_04n0002
Foreword - ufc_3_440_04n0003
Contents - ufc_3_440_04n0004
Chapter 1 Introduction - ufc_3_440_04n0005
References - ufc_3_440_04n0006
Appendix A Solar Heating of Buildings and Domestic Hot Water
Military Handbook - ufc_3_440_04n0008
Contents - ufc_3_440_04n0009
Contents - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0010
List of Figures - ufc_3_440_04n0011
Introduction - ufc_3_440_04n0014
Related criteria
Related criteria - Cont'd
Solar energy
Figure 1-1. The Sun's Path Across the Sky at Specific Times of the Year
Table 1-1. Total Harisontal Solar Radiation intensity
Table 1-1. Total Harisontal Solar Radiation intensity - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0020
Table 1-1. Total Harisontal Solar Radiation intensity - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0021
Table 1-1. Total Harisontal Solar Radiation intensity - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0022
Table 1-1. Total Harisontal Solar Radiation intensity - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0023
Table 1-1. Total Harisontal Solar Radiation intensity - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0024
Solar collector orientation
Figure 1-3. Collector for Domestic Hot Water
Solar collector orientation - Cont'd
Advantages and disadvantages - ufc_3_440_04n0028
Solar System Components
Figure 2-1. Types of Solar Beat Collections
Liquid and air-type collectors
Table 2-1. Advantages and Disadvantages of Air and Liquid Heating Systems
Collector covers (glazes)
Table 2-2. Characteristics of Absorber Coatings (U.S. Dept. of HUD, 1977)
Table 2-2. Characteristics of Absorber Coatings (U.S. Dept. of HUD, 1977) - Cont'd
Table 2-3. A Comparison of Various Materials Used for Collector Covers
Collector insulation
Table 2-4. Guide to Selection of Number of Transparent Cover Plates.
Figure 2-2. Single Gasket Seal for Double Glazing
Collector fluids - corrosion and freeze protection
Collector fluids - corrosion and freeze protection - Cont'd
Figure 2-4. Typical Configurations for Solar Water Heater Syatems
Figure 2.5.
Figure 2-5. Heat Exchangers for Solar Water Heating Systems
Silicone fluids
Table 2-5. Heat Transfer
Table 2-5. Heat Transfer - Cont'd
Hydrocarbons
Collector connections
Figure 2-6a. Collector Piping
Collector efficiency and heat losses
Collector efficiency and heat losses - Cont'd
Figure 2-7. Typical Solar Collector Efficiencies
Table 2-6. Solar Collector Test Results
Table 2-6. Solar Collector Test Results - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0055
Table 2-6. Solar Collector Test Results - Cont'd
Table 2-6. Solar Collector Test Results - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0057
Table 2-6. Solar Collector Test Results - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0058
Table 2-6. Solar Collector Test Results - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0059
Table 2-6. Solar Collector Test Results - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0060
Figure 2-8. Evacuated tube solar heat collector.
Figure 2-9. Concentrating Collectors for Solar Energy
Energy storage and auxiliary heat
Energy storage and auxiliary heat - Cont'd
Figure 2-10. Schematic of Potable Hot Water Heating System Using Solar Storage
Storage tanks
Domestic hot water systems (DHW)
Table 2-7. Advantages and Disadvantages of Tank Types (Cole et al., 1979).
Table 2-8. Storage Tank Costs.[a]
Table 2-9. Hot Water Demands and Use for Various Types of Buildings.
Figure 2-11a. Thermosyphon System Tests
Thermosyphon, batch, and integral storage collector systems
Space heating and DHW systems
Figure 2-12. Minimum Heating System, Showing Relationship of Collector,Storage, and Room Unit Heater
Figure 2-14. Space Heating and Domestic Hot Water System
Figure 2-15. Typical Air-Type Space Heating System
Heat distribution for liquid-type solar systems\
Figure 2-16. A Liquid-To-Air Heat Delivery System
Heat pumps - ufc_3_440_04n0079
Heat pumps - Cont'd
Figure 2-17. Series Connected, Solar -Assisted Heat Pump System
Figure 2-18. Paralied-Connected, Solar-Assisted Heat Pump System
Passive systems
Figure 2-19. Passive Solar Energy Systems
Passive systems - Cont'd
Figure 2-20. New-construction (office) Passive Solar Energy System
Figure 2-22. South Solar Collector With Combined Storage
Figure 2-23. Retrofitted Large Sock Storage
Solar cooling systems
Figure 2-24. Schematic of Lithium Bromide Absorption Cooler
Rankine cycle heat engine cooling
Desiccant cooling (Scholten and Curran, 1979)
Figure 2-25. Schematic of solar desiccant cooling.
Other cooling methods
Figure 2-26. Control System Strategy
Figure 2-27. Control System Sursface and DHW Heating
Piping, pumps, valves
Pumps and collector flowrate
Other considerations - ufc_3_440_04n0099
Contract submittals required
Other applicable documents
Design Methods - ufc_3_440_04n0102
Figure 3-1. Fraction of Space Heating/DHW Load Supplied by Solar Energy
Solar collector Parameters - Worksheet B
Load calculations - Worksheet C-l
Table 3-1. Building Heat Loss Rates.
Table 3-2. Total Heating Desire Days (page 65 F) From Solar Energy Search Institute (1980)
Table 3-2. Total Heating Desire Days (page 65 F) From Solar Energy Search Institute (1980) - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0108
Table 3-2. Total Heating Desire Days (page 65 F) From Solar Energy Search Institute (1980) - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0109
Table 3-2. Total Heating Desire Days (page 65 F) From Solar Energy Search Institute (1980) - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0110
Table 3-2. Total Heating Desire Days (page 65 F) From Solar Energy Search Institute (1980) - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0111
Table 3-2. Total Heating Desire Days (page 65 F) From Solar Energy Search Institute (1980) - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0112
Monthly solar collection parameters - Worksheet D-1
Table 3-3. DHW Temperature at Source in Selected Locations (U.S. Dept HUD, 1977).
Figure 3-2. Slope Factor for use on Worksheet D-1 (Average Over 1 Day)
Table 3-4. Average Daytime Ambient Temperatures (deg. F) from Solar Energy Research Institute (1981)
Table 3-4. Average Daytime Ambient Temperatures (deg. F) from Solar Energy Research Institute (1981) - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0117
Table 3-4. Average Daytime Ambient Temperatures (deg. F) from Solar Energy Research Institute (1981) - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0118
Table 3-4. Average Daytime Ambient Temperatures (deg. F) from Solar Energy Research Institute (1981) - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0119
Table 3-4. Average Daytime Ambient Temperatures (deg. F) from Solar Energy Research Institute (1981) - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0120
Table 3-4. Average Daytime Ambient Temperatures (deg. F) from Solar Energy Research Institute (1981) - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0121
Economic analysis
Energy Conversion Fators
Operating and maintenance (O&M) costs
Present worth analysis using a discount factor - Worksheet E-1
Collector temperatures - Worksheet E-1
Table 3-5a Annual Fuel Inflation Factors, 10% Discount
Table 3-5b. Fuel Inflation Factors - No Discount.
Table 3-5c. Annual Fuel Inflation Factors, 7% Discount.
Solar system cost - Worksheet F
Table 3-6. Solar System Component Cost Estimates.[a]
Air-heating collector design - Worksheet H
Figure 3-3. Fraction of Space Heating/DHW Load Supplied by Solar Air Heating System
Worksheet A Job Summary - ufc_3_440_04n0134
Worksheet B Solar Collector Parameters
Worksheet C-1 Calculation (5)
Worksheet C-2 Demand Calculations Domestric Water Heater
Worksheet D-1 Months. V Solar Collection parameters
Worksheet D-2. Fraction of Load Supplied by Solar Heat
Worksheet E-1 value of Fuel Saved - ufc_3_440_04n0140
Worksheet E-2 Present Worth Analysis - ufc_3_440_04n0141
Worksheet F Solar Systems Cost Analysis
Worksheet G Additional Cost Items Related to Use of Solar Heating
Worksheet H Solar Air Collector System Design Summary
Example Problems
Discussion of example 1
Example 1 - worksheets
Worksheet A Job Summary - ufc_3_440_04n0148
Worksheet H Solar Collecttor Parameters
Load Calculation (5)
Demand Calculations Domestic Water Heater
Worksheet D-1 Monthly Soar Collection Parameters
Worksheet D-2 Fraction of Load Supplied by Solar Heat
Worksheet E-1 Value of Fuel Saved - ufc_3_440_04n0154
Worksheet E-2 Present Worth Analysis - ufc_3_440_04n0155
Worksheet F Solar System Cost Analysis
Directory of Solar Equipment Manufacturers
References and Select Bibliography
References and Select Bibliography - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0159
References and Select Bibliography - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0160
References and Select Bibliography - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0161
References and Select Bibliography - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0162
References and Select Bibliography - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0163
References and Select Bibliography - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0164
List of Symbols
List of Symbols - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0166
List of Symbols - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0167
Solar Heating of Buildings and Domestic Hot Water - ufc_3_440_04n0001
Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) - ufc_3_440_04n0002
Foreword - ufc_3_440_04n0003
Contents - ufc_3_440_04n0004
Chapter 1 Introduction - ufc_3_440_04n0005
References - ufc_3_440_04n0006
Appendix A Solar Heating of Buildings and Domestic Hot Water
Military Handbook - ufc_3_440_04n0008
Contents - ufc_3_440_04n0009
Contents - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0010
List of Figures - ufc_3_440_04n0011
Introduction - ufc_3_440_04n0014
Related criteria
Related criteria - Cont'd
Solar energy
Figure 1-1. The Sun's Path Across the Sky at Specific Times of the Year
Table 1-1. Total Harisontal Solar Radiation intensity
Table 1-1. Total Harisontal Solar Radiation intensity - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0020
Table 1-1. Total Harisontal Solar Radiation intensity - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0021
Table 1-1. Total Harisontal Solar Radiation intensity - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0022
Table 1-1. Total Harisontal Solar Radiation intensity - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0023
Table 1-1. Total Harisontal Solar Radiation intensity - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0024
Solar collector orientation
Figure 1-3. Collector for Domestic Hot Water
Solar collector orientation - Cont'd
Advantages and disadvantages - ufc_3_440_04n0028
Solar System Components
Figure 2-1. Types of Solar Beat Collections
Liquid and air-type collectors
Table 2-1. Advantages and Disadvantages of Air and Liquid Heating Systems
Collector covers (glazes)
Table 2-2. Characteristics of Absorber Coatings (U.S. Dept. of HUD, 1977)
Table 2-2. Characteristics of Absorber Coatings (U.S. Dept. of HUD, 1977) - Cont'd
Table 2-3. A Comparison of Various Materials Used for Collector Covers
Collector insulation
Table 2-4. Guide to Selection of Number of Transparent Cover Plates.
Figure 2-2. Single Gasket Seal for Double Glazing
Collector fluids - corrosion and freeze protection
Collector fluids - corrosion and freeze protection - Cont'd
Figure 2-4. Typical Configurations for Solar Water Heater Syatems
Figure 2.5.
Figure 2-5. Heat Exchangers for Solar Water Heating Systems
Silicone fluids
Table 2-5. Heat Transfer
Table 2-5. Heat Transfer - Cont'd
Hydrocarbons
Collector connections
Figure 2-6a. Collector Piping
Collector efficiency and heat losses
Collector efficiency and heat losses - Cont'd
Figure 2-7. Typical Solar Collector Efficiencies
Table 2-6. Solar Collector Test Results
Table 2-6. Solar Collector Test Results - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0055
Table 2-6. Solar Collector Test Results - Cont'd
Table 2-6. Solar Collector Test Results - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0057
Table 2-6. Solar Collector Test Results - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0058
Table 2-6. Solar Collector Test Results - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0059
Table 2-6. Solar Collector Test Results - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0060
Figure 2-8. Evacuated tube solar heat collector.
Figure 2-9. Concentrating Collectors for Solar Energy
Energy storage and auxiliary heat
Energy storage and auxiliary heat - Cont'd
Figure 2-10. Schematic of Potable Hot Water Heating System Using Solar Storage
Storage tanks
Domestic hot water systems (DHW)
Table 2-7. Advantages and Disadvantages of Tank Types (Cole et al., 1979).
Table 2-8. Storage Tank Costs.[a]
Table 2-9. Hot Water Demands and Use for Various Types of Buildings.
Figure 2-11a. Thermosyphon System Tests
Thermosyphon, batch, and integral storage collector systems
Space heating and DHW systems
Figure 2-12. Minimum Heating System, Showing Relationship of Collector,Storage, and Room Unit Heater
Figure 2-14. Space Heating and Domestic Hot Water System
Figure 2-15. Typical Air-Type Space Heating System
Heat distribution for liquid-type solar systems\
Figure 2-16. A Liquid-To-Air Heat Delivery System
Heat pumps - ufc_3_440_04n0079
Heat pumps - Cont'd
Figure 2-17. Series Connected, Solar -Assisted Heat Pump System
Figure 2-18. Paralied-Connected, Solar-Assisted Heat Pump System
Passive systems
Figure 2-19. Passive Solar Energy Systems
Passive systems - Cont'd
Figure 2-20. New-construction (office) Passive Solar Energy System
Figure 2-22. South Solar Collector With Combined Storage
Figure 2-23. Retrofitted Large Sock Storage
Solar cooling systems
Figure 2-24. Schematic of Lithium Bromide Absorption Cooler
Rankine cycle heat engine cooling
Desiccant cooling (Scholten and Curran, 1979)
Figure 2-25. Schematic of solar desiccant cooling.
Other cooling methods
Figure 2-26. Control System Strategy
Figure 2-27. Control System Sursface and DHW Heating
Piping, pumps, valves
Pumps and collector flowrate
Other considerations - ufc_3_440_04n0099
Contract submittals required
Other applicable documents
Design Methods - ufc_3_440_04n0102
Figure 3-1. Fraction of Space Heating/DHW Load Supplied by Solar Energy
Solar collector Parameters - Worksheet B
Load calculations - Worksheet C-l
Table 3-1. Building Heat Loss Rates.
Table 3-2. Total Heating Desire Days (page 65 F) From Solar Energy Search Institute (1980)
Table 3-2. Total Heating Desire Days (page 65 F) From Solar Energy Search Institute (1980) - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0108
Table 3-2. Total Heating Desire Days (page 65 F) From Solar Energy Search Institute (1980) - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0109
Table 3-2. Total Heating Desire Days (page 65 F) From Solar Energy Search Institute (1980) - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0110
Table 3-2. Total Heating Desire Days (page 65 F) From Solar Energy Search Institute (1980) - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0111
Table 3-2. Total Heating Desire Days (page 65 F) From Solar Energy Search Institute (1980) - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0112
Monthly solar collection parameters - Worksheet D-1
Table 3-3. DHW Temperature at Source in Selected Locations (U.S. Dept HUD, 1977).
Figure 3-2. Slope Factor for use on Worksheet D-1 (Average Over 1 Day)
Table 3-4. Average Daytime Ambient Temperatures (deg. F) from Solar Energy Research Institute (1981)
Table 3-4. Average Daytime Ambient Temperatures (deg. F) from Solar Energy Research Institute (1981) - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0117
Table 3-4. Average Daytime Ambient Temperatures (deg. F) from Solar Energy Research Institute (1981) - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0118
Table 3-4. Average Daytime Ambient Temperatures (deg. F) from Solar Energy Research Institute (1981) - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0119
Table 3-4. Average Daytime Ambient Temperatures (deg. F) from Solar Energy Research Institute (1981) - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0120
Table 3-4. Average Daytime Ambient Temperatures (deg. F) from Solar Energy Research Institute (1981) - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0121
Economic analysis
Energy Conversion Fators
Operating and maintenance (O&M) costs
Present worth analysis using a discount factor - Worksheet E-1
Collector temperatures - Worksheet E-1
Table 3-5a Annual Fuel Inflation Factors, 10% Discount
Table 3-5b. Fuel Inflation Factors - No Discount.
Table 3-5c. Annual Fuel Inflation Factors, 7% Discount.
Solar system cost - Worksheet F
Table 3-6. Solar System Component Cost Estimates.[a]
Air-heating collector design - Worksheet H
Figure 3-3. Fraction of Space Heating/DHW Load Supplied by Solar Air Heating System
Worksheet A Job Summary - ufc_3_440_04n0134
Worksheet B Solar Collector Parameters
Worksheet C-1 Calculation (5)
Worksheet C-2 Demand Calculations Domestric Water Heater
Worksheet D-1 Months. V Solar Collection parameters
Worksheet D-2. Fraction of Load Supplied by Solar Heat
Worksheet E-1 value of Fuel Saved - ufc_3_440_04n0140
Worksheet E-2 Present Worth Analysis - ufc_3_440_04n0141
Worksheet F Solar Systems Cost Analysis
Worksheet G Additional Cost Items Related to Use of Solar Heating
Worksheet H Solar Air Collector System Design Summary
Example Problems
Discussion of example 1
Example 1 - worksheets
Worksheet A Job Summary - ufc_3_440_04n0148
Worksheet H Solar Collecttor Parameters
Load Calculation (5)
Demand Calculations Domestic Water Heater
Worksheet D-1 Monthly Soar Collection Parameters
Worksheet D-2 Fraction of Load Supplied by Solar Heat
Worksheet E-1 Value of Fuel Saved - ufc_3_440_04n0154
Worksheet E-2 Present Worth Analysis - ufc_3_440_04n0155
Worksheet F Solar System Cost Analysis
Directory of Solar Equipment Manufacturers
References and Select Bibliography
References and Select Bibliography - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0159
References and Select Bibliography - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0160
References and Select Bibliography - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0161
References and Select Bibliography - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0162
References and Select Bibliography - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0163
References and Select Bibliography - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0164
List of Symbols
List of Symbols - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0166
List of Symbols - Cont'd - ufc_3_440_04n0167
