Cooling Buildings by Natural Ventilation - index
Cooling Buildings by Natural Ventilation - ufc_3_440_06n0001
Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) - ufc_3_440_06n0002
Foreword - ufc_3_440_06n0003
Chapter 1. Introduction - ufc_3_440_06n0005
References - ufc_3_440_06n0006
Appendix A: Cooling Buildings by Natural Ventilation
CCB Application Notes - ufc_3_440_06n0008
Cooling Buildings By Natural Ventilation - ufc_3_440_06n0009
Cooling Buildings By Natural Ventilation -Cont.
Abstract - ufc_3_440_06n0011
Foreword - ufc_3_440_06n0013
Tropical Engineering Criteria Manuals
Section 1: Introduction - ufc_3_440_06n0021
Naturally Ventilated Buildings and Climate
Responsibilities of Planners and Designers
Section 2: Cooling by Natural Ventilation
Structural Cooling
Evaporative Cooling
Combinations of Natural Cooling Strategies
Required Air Velocities for Human Comfort
Section 3: Design Criteria - ufc_3_440_06n0031
Building Envelope and Structure
Mechanical System Integration
Analysis and Testing Procedure
Building Design for Zoned and Seasonal Combinations
Special Considerations - ufc_3_440_06n0036
Section 4: Building Design Features and Practices
Figure 6.Natural Ventilation Design and Analysis Flowchart
Pollution Sources
Figure 7. Effect of Wind Incidence Angle
Dimensions of the Obstructions
Thermal and Other Considerations
Proximity to water
Type of Vegetation
Figure 11. Shelter Ground Windbreaks
Figure 13. Acceleration of Wind Under Trees
Recommendations to Avoid Sheltered Areas
Ground Reflectance
Thermal Considerations - ufc_3_440_06n0049
Resolving Conflicts between Thermal and Wind Orientations
Elevated Buildings
Roof and Roof Ventilators
Figure 20. Direct Irradiation Values in Btu/Ft2/Hr for 26 N Latitude
Ventilator Placement
Figure 23. Roof Ventilators--Performance of Simple Fat-Plate Ventilators
Ventilative Considerations - ufc_3_440_06n0056
Placement and Size
Ventilation Considerations
Figure 27.Air Flow Patterns and Pressure Zones
The Vertical Location in the Wall
Window Shape
Table 2. Window Type and Interior Airflow Characteristics
Size
Insect Screening
Thermal Considerations - ufc_3_440_06n0065
Wind Admitting Devices
Figure 37. Solar Shading Masks for Overchanges and Side Fins
Figure 38. The Effects of Horizontal Exterior Shading on Interior Airflow
Vertical Shading Devices
Ventilative Considerations - ufc_3_440_06n0070
Internal Drapes and Blinds
Auxiliary Fan Systems
Whole-House Fans
Section 5: Occupant and Maintenance Manuals
Contents - ufc_3_440_06n0079
Contents -Cont. - ufc_3_440_06n0080
Section 1: People and Comfort
Table A-1. Metabolic Rates
Figure A-1. Bioclimatic Chart with Example Points
The Bioclimatic Chart
Section 2: Climate and Microclimate
Temperature - ufc_3_440_06n0086
Vegetation - ufc_3_440_06n0087
Figure A-4. Wind Velocity Profiles Near Trees
Local Winds
Figure A-6. Slope Winds
Section 3: Predicting Airflow Around Nearby Buildings and Observations
Figure A-9. Pressure Zones and Shapes of Wakes
Airflow Around Multiple Buildings
Pressure Connection Effect
Venturi Effect
Pyramid Effect
Appendix B: Climate Analysis Method
Contents - ufc_3_440_06n0100
Climate Analysis
Climate Data from the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC)
Figure B-1. Ovwrlay 1- Ventilation
Figure B-2. Overlay 2- Thermal Mass and Nocturnal Ventilation
Figure B-3. Overlay 3- Evaporative Cooling
Figure B-4. Overlay 4- Determining the Air Conditioning Requirements
Figure B-5. Bioclimatic Chart
Figure B-7. Determining the Cooling Strategy
Monthly Summaries--Cooling
Monthly Summaries--Infiltration
Annual Summary--Heating
Determining the Monthly Feasibility of a Cooling Strategy
Determining Need for Ceiling or Whole-House Fans
Figure B-10. Preliminary Climatic Analysis
Figure B-11. Climatic Analysis Summary Worksheet
Figure B-11. Climatic Analysis Summary Worksheet -Cont. - ufc_3_440_06n0117
Figure B-11. Climatic Analysis Summary Worksheet -Cont. - ufc_3_440_06n0118
Figure B-11. Climatic Analysis Summary Worksheet -Cont. - ufc_3_440_06n0119
Figure B-11. Climatic Analysis Summary Worksheet -Cont. - ufc_3_440_06n0120
Appendix C: Prediction and Evaluation Methods
Contents - ufc_3_440_06n0124
Contents -Cont. - ufc_3_440_06n0125
Section 1: Air Movement by Natural Ventilation
Required Total Window Areas
Table C-1. Typical Average Surface Pressure Coefficients on the Walls of a Residential Scale (one-to Two-Story) Building
Table C-2. Typical Average Surface Pressure Coefficients for Two- to Six-Story Buildings
Table C-3. Pressure Coefficient Correction Factor, PCCF
Table C-5. Resistance Factors (RF)
Check for Required Airspeed
Check for Required Airspeed -Cont.
ASHRAE Wind and Thermal Buoyancy (Stack Effect) Formulae
Estimating Quantity of Inlet Air
Flow due to thermal forces
Wind Tunnel Testing
Model Detail
Model Size and Wind Tunnel Speed
Reynolds Number for Flow Through Screens and Louvers
Pressure Measurements
Procedure 2--Indirect Velocity Measurement
Procedure for High-Rise Buildings
Applicable Buildings
Section 2: Interior Temperatures
Computer Models of Interior Temperatures
Computer Programs for Thermal Analysis
Section 3: Occupant Comfort
Section 4: Whole House Fan Sizing Procedure
Appendix D: Worked Example of the Climate Analysis and Window Sizing Procedure
Contents - ufc_3_440_06n0156
Section 1: Building in Hot Humid Environmental, OAHU Hawaii
Figure D-3. Elevations of Building #1031
Figure D-5. Typical Room Plan of Building #1301
Figure D-6. Psychrometric Summary/Month All
Figure D-7. Psychrometric Summary/Month Jan
Figure D-8. Psychrometric Summary/Month Jan.
Figure D-9. Surface Winds/Month Aug
Figure D-10. Surface Winds/Month Sept.
Figure D-11. Climate Analysis Summary Worksheet
Results of the Climate Analysis
Window Sizing Procedure
Results of the Window Sizing Procedure
Glossary - ufc_3_440_06n0170
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_440_06n0171
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_440_06n0172
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_440_06n0173
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_440_06n0174
References - ufc_3_440_06n0176
References -Cont. - ufc_3_440_06n0177
References -Cont. - ufc_3_440_06n0178
Bibliography - ufc_3_440_06n0180
Bibliography -Cont. - ufc_3_440_06n0181
Bibliography -Cont. - ufc_3_440_06n0182
Bibliography -Cont. - ufc_3_440_06n0183
Cooling Buildings by Natural Ventilation - ufc_3_440_06n0001
Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) - ufc_3_440_06n0002
Foreword - ufc_3_440_06n0003
Chapter 1. Introduction - ufc_3_440_06n0005
References - ufc_3_440_06n0006
Appendix A: Cooling Buildings by Natural Ventilation
CCB Application Notes - ufc_3_440_06n0008
Cooling Buildings By Natural Ventilation - ufc_3_440_06n0009
Cooling Buildings By Natural Ventilation -Cont.
Abstract - ufc_3_440_06n0011
Foreword - ufc_3_440_06n0013
Tropical Engineering Criteria Manuals
Section 1: Introduction - ufc_3_440_06n0021
Naturally Ventilated Buildings and Climate
Responsibilities of Planners and Designers
Section 2: Cooling by Natural Ventilation
Structural Cooling
Evaporative Cooling
Combinations of Natural Cooling Strategies
Required Air Velocities for Human Comfort
Section 3: Design Criteria - ufc_3_440_06n0031
Building Envelope and Structure
Mechanical System Integration
Analysis and Testing Procedure
Building Design for Zoned and Seasonal Combinations
Special Considerations - ufc_3_440_06n0036
Section 4: Building Design Features and Practices
Figure 6.Natural Ventilation Design and Analysis Flowchart
Pollution Sources
Figure 7. Effect of Wind Incidence Angle
Dimensions of the Obstructions
Thermal and Other Considerations
Proximity to water
Type of Vegetation
Figure 11. Shelter Ground Windbreaks
Figure 13. Acceleration of Wind Under Trees
Recommendations to Avoid Sheltered Areas
Ground Reflectance
Thermal Considerations - ufc_3_440_06n0049
Resolving Conflicts between Thermal and Wind Orientations
Elevated Buildings
Roof and Roof Ventilators
Figure 20. Direct Irradiation Values in Btu/Ft2/Hr for 26 N Latitude
Ventilator Placement
Figure 23. Roof Ventilators--Performance of Simple Fat-Plate Ventilators
Ventilative Considerations - ufc_3_440_06n0056
Placement and Size
Ventilation Considerations
Figure 27.Air Flow Patterns and Pressure Zones
The Vertical Location in the Wall
Window Shape
Table 2. Window Type and Interior Airflow Characteristics
Size
Insect Screening
Thermal Considerations - ufc_3_440_06n0065
Wind Admitting Devices
Figure 37. Solar Shading Masks for Overchanges and Side Fins
Figure 38. The Effects of Horizontal Exterior Shading on Interior Airflow
Vertical Shading Devices
Ventilative Considerations - ufc_3_440_06n0070
Internal Drapes and Blinds
Auxiliary Fan Systems
Whole-House Fans
Section 5: Occupant and Maintenance Manuals
Contents - ufc_3_440_06n0079
Contents -Cont. - ufc_3_440_06n0080
Section 1: People and Comfort
Table A-1. Metabolic Rates
Figure A-1. Bioclimatic Chart with Example Points
The Bioclimatic Chart
Section 2: Climate and Microclimate
Temperature - ufc_3_440_06n0086
Vegetation - ufc_3_440_06n0087
Figure A-4. Wind Velocity Profiles Near Trees
Local Winds
Figure A-6. Slope Winds
Section 3: Predicting Airflow Around Nearby Buildings and Observations
Figure A-9. Pressure Zones and Shapes of Wakes
Airflow Around Multiple Buildings
Pressure Connection Effect
Venturi Effect
Pyramid Effect
Appendix B: Climate Analysis Method
Contents - ufc_3_440_06n0100
Climate Analysis
Climate Data from the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC)
Figure B-1. Ovwrlay 1- Ventilation
Figure B-2. Overlay 2- Thermal Mass and Nocturnal Ventilation
Figure B-3. Overlay 3- Evaporative Cooling
Figure B-4. Overlay 4- Determining the Air Conditioning Requirements
Figure B-5. Bioclimatic Chart
Figure B-7. Determining the Cooling Strategy
Monthly Summaries--Cooling
Monthly Summaries--Infiltration
Annual Summary--Heating
Determining the Monthly Feasibility of a Cooling Strategy
Determining Need for Ceiling or Whole-House Fans
Figure B-10. Preliminary Climatic Analysis
Figure B-11. Climatic Analysis Summary Worksheet
Figure B-11. Climatic Analysis Summary Worksheet -Cont. - ufc_3_440_06n0117
Figure B-11. Climatic Analysis Summary Worksheet -Cont. - ufc_3_440_06n0118
Figure B-11. Climatic Analysis Summary Worksheet -Cont. - ufc_3_440_06n0119
Figure B-11. Climatic Analysis Summary Worksheet -Cont. - ufc_3_440_06n0120
Appendix C: Prediction and Evaluation Methods
Contents - ufc_3_440_06n0124
Contents -Cont. - ufc_3_440_06n0125
Section 1: Air Movement by Natural Ventilation
Required Total Window Areas
Table C-1. Typical Average Surface Pressure Coefficients on the Walls of a Residential Scale (one-to Two-Story) Building
Table C-2. Typical Average Surface Pressure Coefficients for Two- to Six-Story Buildings
Table C-3. Pressure Coefficient Correction Factor, PCCF
Table C-5. Resistance Factors (RF)
Check for Required Airspeed
Check for Required Airspeed -Cont.
ASHRAE Wind and Thermal Buoyancy (Stack Effect) Formulae
Estimating Quantity of Inlet Air
Flow due to thermal forces
Wind Tunnel Testing
Model Detail
Model Size and Wind Tunnel Speed
Reynolds Number for Flow Through Screens and Louvers
Pressure Measurements
Procedure 2--Indirect Velocity Measurement
Procedure for High-Rise Buildings
Applicable Buildings
Section 2: Interior Temperatures
Computer Models of Interior Temperatures
Computer Programs for Thermal Analysis
Section 3: Occupant Comfort
Section 4: Whole House Fan Sizing Procedure
Appendix D: Worked Example of the Climate Analysis and Window Sizing Procedure
Contents - ufc_3_440_06n0156
Section 1: Building in Hot Humid Environmental, OAHU Hawaii
Figure D-3. Elevations of Building #1031
Figure D-5. Typical Room Plan of Building #1301
Figure D-6. Psychrometric Summary/Month All
Figure D-7. Psychrometric Summary/Month Jan
Figure D-8. Psychrometric Summary/Month Jan.
Figure D-9. Surface Winds/Month Aug
Figure D-10. Surface Winds/Month Sept.
Figure D-11. Climate Analysis Summary Worksheet
Results of the Climate Analysis
Window Sizing Procedure
Results of the Window Sizing Procedure
Glossary - ufc_3_440_06n0170
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_440_06n0171
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_440_06n0172
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_440_06n0173
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_440_06n0174
References - ufc_3_440_06n0176
References -Cont. - ufc_3_440_06n0177
References -Cont. - ufc_3_440_06n0178
Bibliography - ufc_3_440_06n0180
Bibliography -Cont. - ufc_3_440_06n0181
Bibliography -Cont. - ufc_3_440_06n0182
Bibliography -Cont. - ufc_3_440_06n0183
