MIL-HDBK-1003/7
5.1.5.1
Balanced Costs and Economy..........................49
5.1.5.2
Extension of Existing Plant.........................49
5.1.5.3
Special Considerations..............................49
5.1.6
Steam Power Plant Arrangement.......................50
5.1.6.1
General.............................................50
5.1.6.2
Typical Small Plants................................50
5.1.7
Heat Rates..........................................50
5.1.7.1
Heat Rate Units and Definitions.....................50
5.1.7.2
Turbine Heat Rates..................................54
5.1.7.3
Plant Heat Rates....................................54
5.1.7.4
Cycle Performance...................................55
5.1.7.5
Long Term Averages..................................55
5.1.7.6
Plant Economy Calculations..........................55
5.1.8
Steam Rates.........................................55
5.1.8.1
Theoretical Steam Rate..............................55
5.1.8.2
Turbine Generator Engine Efficiency.................56
5.1.8.3
Actual Steam Rate...................................57
5.2
Cogeneration in Steam Power Plants..................57
5.2.1
Definition..........................................57
5.2.2
Common Medium.......................................59
Page
5.2.3
Relative Economy....................................59
5.2.4
Cycle Types.........................................59
5.2.4.1
Back Pressure Cycle.................................59
5.2.4.2
Extraction-Condensing Cycle.........................59
5.2.5
Criteria For Cogeneration...........................60
5.2.5.1
Load Balance........................................60
5.2.5.2
Load Coincidence....................................60
5.2.5.3
Size................................................60
5.2.5.4
Distribution Medium.................................60
5.3
Turbine Types.......................................60
5.3.1
Condensing Types....................................60
5.3.1.1
High Pressure Extraction Type.......................60
5.3.1.2
High Pressure Non-Extraction Type...................60
5.3.1.3
Automatic Extraction Type...........................61
5.3.1.4
Mixed Pressure or Induction Type....................61
5.3.1.5
Low Pressure Type...................................61
5.3.2
Noncondensing Types.................................61
5.3.2.1
Superposed or Topping Type..........................61
5.3.2.2
Back Pressure Type..................................63
5.3.2.3
Atmospheric Exhaust.................................63
5.4
Turbine Generator Sizes.............................63
5.4.1
Noncondensing and Automatic Extraction Turbines.....63
5.4.2
Geared Turbine Generator Units......................63
5.5
Turbine Throttle Pressure and Temperature...........63
5.5.1
Selection of Throttle Pressure and Temperature......63
5.5.2
Economic Breakpoints................................65
5.6
Turbine Exhaust Pressure............................65
5.7
Lubricating Oil Systems.............................66
5.7.1
Single Stage Turbines...............................66
5.7.2
Multistage Turbines.................................66
5.7.3
Oil Purifiers.......................................67
5.7.3.1
Centrifuge With Bypass Particle Size Filter.........67
5.7.3.2
Multistage Oil Conditioner..........................67
5.7.4
Lubricating Oil Storage Tanks.......................67
5.7.5
Lubricating Oil System Cleaning.....................70
5.8
Generator Types.....................................70
5.9
Generator Cooling...................................70
5.9.1
Self Ventilation....................................70
5.9.2
Air Cooled..........................................70
5.9.3
Hydrogen Cooled.....................................70
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