MIL-HDBK-1003/7
12.5.6
Water Treatment
12.5.6.1 Chlorination. Provide chlorinator and storage for one ton chlorine containers
for chlorination of the circulating water, if needed to control sea life growth.
Chlorine concentration should be closely controlled and monitored to avoid injury to
fish and/or loss of fish life.
12.5.6.2 Cathodic Protection. Provide all equipment necessary to protect exterior
surfaces of the water screens, pumps, and piping below the water from corrosion by
cathodic protection, as covered in MIL-HDBK-1004/10.
Housing. For unfavorable weather conditions, house the equipment on top of
12.5.7
the structure, provide roof hatches over the screens and pumps to enable removal of the
pumps, and include an inside crane. For outdoor installations, the screens and pumps
must be raised by some other means of hoisting such as a traveling gantry crane,
temporary rigging and hoist, or mobile boom hoist or cranes.
Outfall Structures. Discharge of cooling water from the condenser is made
12.6
through conduits terminating at an outfall structure (usually made of concrete) located
at the shore of an ocean, lake, basin, or river. The purpose of the outfall structure
is to control the discharge of cooling water in such a manner to avoid bank or bottom
erosion of the main body of water. Because of its location at the end of the discharge
conduit, the outfall structure can also be used to provide the necessary seal for
cooling water systems operating with a siphon.
Location. Locate the end or ends of the discharge conduit down stream from or
12.6.1
as far from the intake structure as feasible, in order to reduce the possibility of
recirculation of the warm discharge water.
Where economically justified, consider bypassing some of the discharge water
to the intake structure for controlling ice formations or sea life growth.
Seal Wells. Where the top of the condenser water box is above extreme low
12.6.2
water level of the cooling water source, advantage may be taken of the siphon effect to
reduce the total pumping head. In order to start and maintain the siphon, the discharge
end of the cooling water conduit must be maintained below water in order to provide and
maintain a seal between the water in the conduit and the atmosphere. The maximum
practical differential elevation between the extreme low water level of the source and
the top of the condenser water box is usually between 28 and 30 feet. The actual value
is limited by the vapor pressure of the cooling water corresponding to the actual
maximum temperature of the cooling water at the point of maximum vacuum
(resulting from the siphon). If, during operation, this limit should be
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