UFC 4-152-01
28 July 2005
4-7
MISCELLANEOUS CONSIDERATIONS.
4-7.1
Expansion Joints.
Because expansion joints require frequent maintenance for proper functioning,
piers and wharves should use as few joints as possible. The size and number
will depend on the temperature range and structural system employed. Provide
expansion joints at the junction of an approach with the main structure and such
other places where there is a major structural discontinuity. Provide additional
expansion joints where necessary to limit buildup of thermal loads. (See also
Chapter 3, discussion on Thermal Loads.) Continue the joint through railroad
tracks and crane rail tracks. Recommended details are shown in Figures 4-5 and
4-6. Likewise, detail utilities crossing expansion joints to accommodate the
expected longitudinal and lateral movements.
4-7.2
Pier and wharf decks should be sloped in transverse and longitudinal direction to
deck drains or scuppers to provide for drainage of storm water. Where
permitted, the storm water can be drained off to the water below; however, if fuel,
oils, and chemicals are to be handled on the facility, the storm water should be
collected and piped off for treatment. A complete review of local jurisdictional
requirements for storm water management and treatment required for each
facility may vary significantly between locations. It is customary to use
subsurface drains in ballasted decks to handle any small amounts of water that
may seep through the paving. This water is normally not collected.
4-7.3
Bullrail.
On all waterside edges of piers and wharves, provide a curb or bullrail 10 to 12 in
(254 to 305 mm) high by 12 to 24 in (3.5 to 610 mm) wide. Some mooring
hardware may be accommodated within the 24-in (610 mm) width, thus
permitting a clear inside face for easy snow removal and line handling. As
shown in Figure 4-3, it is also generally possible to house utility vaults within the
width of the bullrail. The bullrail should be sufficiently reinforced and anchored to
the deck structure. When a continuous bullrail is available, it may be reinforced
to serve as chord member for a structural diaphragm.
4-7.4
Utility Trench.
Because the utility services are mostly needed along the pier or wharf edge, the
main utility trenches on single deck piers should be kept close to the bullrail. The
trench may be underhung or kept above, as shown in Figure 4-7. The trench
covers should be removable and made of concrete, steel, or composite
construction. Although the trench covers need not be watertight, use a good seal
at joints to prevent accidental seepage of spilled liquids. Frequently spaced
drains should be placed along the trench to prevent flooding. Provide adequate
width and depth to allow access for maintenance of utilities.
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