UFC 4-159-03
3 October 2005
Wire Ropes. Wire rope is composed of three parts: wires, strands, and a
6-7.2
core. The basic unit is the wire. A predetermined number of wires of the proper size
are fabricated in a uniform geometric arrangement of definite pitch or lay to form a
strand of the required diameter. The required number of strands are then laid together
symmetrically around a core to form the rope. Refer to NAVSEA
NSTM 613 for additional information. Some of the features to consider when specifying
wire rope are listed in Table 6-10.
Fenders. Fendering is used between ships and compression structures,
6-8
such as piers and wharves, in fixed moorings. Fenders act to distribute forces on ship
hull(s) and minimize the potential for damage. Fendering is also used between moored
ships. A wide variety of types of fenders are used including:
Wooden piles
Cylindrical marine fenders
Hard rubber fenders
Mooring dolphins
Specially designed structures
Composite fender piles
Plastic fender piles
Pre-stressed concrete fender piles
Camels are wider compression structures used, for example, to offset a ship from a pier
or wharf.
The pressure exerted on ship hulls is a key factor to consider when specifying fenders.
Allowable hull pressures on ships are discussed in NFESC TR-6015-OCN, Foam-Filled
Fender Design to Prevent Hull Damage.
Behaviors of some common types of cylindrical marine fenders are shown
in Figures 6-3 and 6-4.
Refer to MIL-HDBK-1025/1 and NAVSEA NSTM 611 for detailed
information on fenders.
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