Interior Electrical Systems
Interior Electrical Systems
Unified Facilities Guide Specifications (UFGS) Format Standard
Foreword - ufc_3_520_010003
Foreword -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010004
Chapter 1. General - ufc_3_520_010014
Codes and Standards
Manual Content and Organization
Manual Content and Organization -Cont.
Chapter 2. Preliminary and Detailed Design Analysis
Electrical Load Criteria
Overview of Detailed Analysis Criteria
Figure 2-1. Computer Model of Electrical System
Analysis and Equipment Criteria
Symmetrical Versus Asymmetrical Current
Figure 2-2. Completely Symmetric or Asymmetric Current
Power Flow Analysis
Voltage Drop Calculations.
Electrical Coordination - ufc_3_520_010027
Energy Analysis
New Facility Criteria
Existing Facilities
Table 2-1. Energy Efficiency Design Options That Frequently Show Savings
Motor Control Center (MCC) Layouts
Lighting and Receptacle Layout
Chapter 3. General Power System Criteria
Power Factor
Figure 3-1. Single Power Feed to Facility
Figure 3-2. Redundant Power Feed to Facility
Services
Services -Cont.
Chapter 4. Power Distribution and Utilization--Transformers
Temperature and kVA.
Figure 4-1. Insulation System Ratings
Impedance
Noise
Basic Impulse Insulation Levels (BIL )
Medium Voltage Transformers
Buck-Boost Transformers
K-Factor Transformers
Transformer Installation Criteria
Figure 4-2. Spacing Requirements for Transformers Rated 112.5 kVA or Less
Fire Protection Criteria
Information Sources - ufc_3_520_010052
Information Sources -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010053
Chapter 5. Power Distribution and Utilization -Switchgear, Load Centers and Breakers
Switchgear and Switchboards General Criteria
High Voltage Switchgear
Table 5-1. Medium Voltage Switchgear Voltage Ratings
Interrupting Duty
Low Voltage Conductors in Medium Voltage Switchgear
Panelboards
Panelboards -Cont.
Motor Control Centers
Information Sources - ufc_3_520_010063
Information Sources -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010064
Chapter 6. Power Distribution and Utilization -Raceway and Wiring
Raceway Criteria
Wiring System Criteria
Wiring System Criteria -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010068
Wiring System Criteria -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010069
Sizing Wiring Systems for Energy Savings
Convenience Outlets and Receptacles
Wiring for Temporary Power and Lighting
Wiring for Temporary Power and Lighting -Cont.
Table 6-1. Electrical System Problems Caused by Improper Wiring
Chapter 7. Power Distribution and Utilization-Motors and Motor Control Circuits
Table 7-1. Minimum Full -Load Motor Efficiencies
Table 7-2. Motor Altitude Derating Factors
Adjustable Speed Drives - ufc_3_520_010078
Adjustable Speed Drives - ufc_3_520_010079
Adjustable Speed Drives -Cont.
Chapter 8. Power Distribution and Utilization-Other Design Criteria
Table 8-1. Working Space Clearances 600 Volts and Below
Figure 8-2. Associated Equipment Maximum Extension into Work Space
Figure 8-3. Dedicated Clear Space Above Equipment
Equipment Rated Above 600 Volts
Table 8-2. NEMA Enclosure Types
Table 8-3. Indoor Nonhazardous Locations
Table 8-4. Indoor Hazardous Applications
Table 8-5. Hazardous Location Classifications
400-Hertz Distribution Systems
Metering - ufc_3_520_010091
Chapter 9. Electrical System Protection and Coordination
Coordination Study Description
Coordination Time Intervals
Direct-Acting Trip Circuit Breakers and Fuses
Overcurrent Relay
Coordination Curves
Figure 9-1. Selective Coordination Example
Figure 9-2. Selective Coordination Example with Fuses
Coordination Analysis
Coordination Study Report
Protective Relays
Current Transformers (CT)
Table 9-1. Low Voltage Fuse Classifications
Overload Relays
Overload Relays -Cont.
Figure 9-3. Simplified Solid -State Trip Unit
Table 9-2. Protective Device Designations
Table 9-2. Protective Device Designations -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010109
Table 9-2. Protective Device Designations -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010110
Table 9-2. Protective Device Designations -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010111
Table 9-3. Protective Device Suffix Designations
Chapter 10. Grounding, Bonding,and Lighting Protection
Figure 10-1. Purpose of Static Grounding
Connection to the Grounding Electrode
Commercial Building Groundin g and Bonding Requirements for Telecommunications
Lightning Protection - ufc_3_520_010117
Information Sources - ufc_3_520_010118
Chapter 11. Surge Protection
Parallel Versus Series Protection
Figure 11-1. Simplified Facility Layout
Minimizing Lead Length for Parallel Surge Protectors
Figure 11-3. Optimal Installation of Surge Protector Leads Second Example
Figure 11-5. Less-Than-Optimal Installation by Including Safety Switch
Acceptance Tests
Surge Protection for Communications and Related Systems
Surge Protection for Communications and Related Systems -Cont.
Chapter 12. Power System Quality
Figure 12-1. Typical Derating Factor for Three-Phase Induction Motors
Table 12-1. Low Voltage System Classification and Distortion Limits
Harmonic Current Effects on Transformers
Power Quality Design
Table 12-2. Power Quality Summary
Shielded Isolation Transformers
Nonlinear Load Design Considerations
Potential Neutral Current Magnitudes
Installation Design Criteria
Information Sources - ufc_3_520_010138
Chapter 13. Emergency and Standby Power Systems
Emergency Power System
Classifying Emergency Power Loads
Engine Generators - ufc_3_520_010142
Engine Generators -Cont.
Engine Generators -Cont.
Selection and Performance
Table 13-1. Performance of Selected UPS Designs
Sizing - ufc_3_520_010147
Selection of a Large UPS System or Multiple Smaller UPS Systems
Design Criteria - ufc_3_520_010149
Site Survey for an Installation
Open Transition Transfer (Break Before Make)
Figure 13-1. Open Transition Transfer
Figure 13-2. Closed Transition Transfer
Continuous Current Rating
Table 13-3. Typical ATS Continuous Current Ratings
Table 13-4. Typical ATS Fault Current Ratings
Simultaneous Closure of Both ATS Power Sources
Effect of Motor Loads
Figure 13-3. Induction Motor Open Circuit Voltage Decay
Maintaining Ground Fault Protection
Information Sources - ufc_3_520_010161
Chapter 14. Stationary Battery Systems
Battery Areas and Battery Racks
Figure 14-1. Battery Room Clearances
Figure 14-2. Two-Step Battery Rack Configurations (End View)
Figure 14-3. Larger Battery Rack Configurations (End View)
Installation Design Considerations
Installation Requirements - ufc_3_520_010168
Battery Chargers
Battery Protection
Chapter 15. Lighting
Chapter 16. Communications and Information Systems
Chapter 17. Auxillary and Support Systems
Clock Systems
Chapter 18. Facility Specific Design Criteria
High Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse (Hemp) and Tempest Protection
Tropical Engineering
Glossary - ufc_3_520_010178
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010179
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010180
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010181
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010182
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010183
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010184
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010185
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010186
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010187
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010188
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010189
Appendix A: References - ufc_3_520_010190
Appendix A: References -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010191
Appendix A: References -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010192
Appendix A: References -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010193
Appendix A: References -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010194
Appendix A: References -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010195
Appendix A: References -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010196
Appendix A: References -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010197
Appendix B: Calculation Methods and Examples
Figure B -2. Sample Short Circuit Results--2 MVA Transformer
Figure B -3. Overduty Molded Case Circuit Breakers
Transformer Rated Current
Tranformer Impedance Effects
Transformer Sizing
Energy Savings with Oversized Conductors
Energy Savings with Oversized Conductors -Cont.
Adjustable Speed Drive Economic Evaluation
Figure B -4. Adjustable Speed Drive Economic Evaluation
Figure B -5. Typical Motor Load Profile With Motor Operating at Half of Rated Load
Table B -1. Example Adjustable Speed Drive Energy Savings Worksheet
Figure B -6. Lead Length Effect on Let-Through Voltage
Automatic Transfer Switch Sizing
Appendix C: Capacitors for Power Factor Correction
Determining Capacitor Size
Table C -1. Correction Factors for Capacitor Sizing
Capacitor Ratings
Table C -2. Common Capacitor Reactive Power Ratings
Design Criteria - ufc_3_520_010217
Information Sources - ufc_3_520_010218
Appendix D:Surge Protector Performance and Evaluation Criteria
Figure D-1. UL 1449 Listed Surge Protector
UL 1449 Surge Suppression Rating
Surge Current Rating
Table D -3. Minimum Allowed Surge Current Rating
Table D -4. UL 1449 Modes of Protection
Installation Capability
Figure D -4. Excessive Lead Length Caused by Over-Sized Enclosure
Sine Wave Tracking
Appendix E: Stationary Battery and Charger Sizing
Figure E -1. Generalized Duty Cycle
Table E -1. Temperature Correction Factors for Vented Lead-Acid Cells (1.215 Specific Gravity)
Battery Sizing for Ups Applications
Battery Sizing for Ups Applications -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010232
Battery Sizing for Ups Applications -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010233
Battery Sizing for Engine Starting Applications
Charger Sizing
Charger Sizing -Cont.
Appendix F: Interior Lighting
Applicable Documents and Standards
Determining Light Quantity Requirements
Figure F -1. Lighting Plan Showing Phase Rotated HID Luminaires
Table F -1. Light Source Applications According to Source Color
Table F -2. Appropriate Color Rendering Indices
Human Factors
Other Human Factors
Full Size and U -Bent Fluorescent Lamps
Metal Halide Lamps
Low Pressure Sodium Lamps
Setting Environmental and Installation Requirements
Fluorescent Lighting Systems
HID Lighting Systems
Considerations for Incandescent, HID, or Compact Fluorescent Lamps
Lighting Calculations
Calculations of Lighting for Exterior Areas
Table F -3. Control Considerations for Various Light Sources
Table F -4. Energy Savings when Combining Controls
Dimming Controls
Dimming Controls -Cont.
Multip le Lighting Level Controls
Basic Principles - ufc_3_520_010259
Background
Emergency Lighting Requirements
Acceptable Exit Signs
Testing of Emergency Lighting Equipment
Criteria for Specific Facilities
Special Considerations for Computer Intensive Workspaces
Health Care Facilities - ufc_3_520_010266
Existing Troffer Systems - ufc_3_520_010267
Existing HID Industrials, Floodlights, Downlights and Other Luminaires
Periodic Relamping
Table F -5. THD of Various Devices
Appendix G: Air force Communications and Information Systems
Design Criteria - ufc_3_520_010272
Communications Systems
Table G-1. CER Size Requirements
Modular/Movable Equipment and Construction Items
Communications and Information Engineering Management
Table G-2. Project Book Reminders for Communications and Information Systems
Table G-2. Project Book Reminders for Communications and Information Systems -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010278
Table G-2. Project Book Reminders for Communications and Information Systems -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010279
Interior Electrical Systems
Unified Facilities Guide Specifications (UFGS) Format Standard
Foreword - ufc_3_520_010003
Foreword -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010004
Chapter 1. General - ufc_3_520_010014
Codes and Standards
Manual Content and Organization
Manual Content and Organization -Cont.
Chapter 2. Preliminary and Detailed Design Analysis
Electrical Load Criteria
Overview of Detailed Analysis Criteria
Figure 2-1. Computer Model of Electrical System
Analysis and Equipment Criteria
Symmetrical Versus Asymmetrical Current
Figure 2-2. Completely Symmetric or Asymmetric Current
Power Flow Analysis
Voltage Drop Calculations.
Electrical Coordination - ufc_3_520_010027
Energy Analysis
New Facility Criteria
Existing Facilities
Table 2-1. Energy Efficiency Design Options That Frequently Show Savings
Motor Control Center (MCC) Layouts
Lighting and Receptacle Layout
Chapter 3. General Power System Criteria
Power Factor
Figure 3-1. Single Power Feed to Facility
Figure 3-2. Redundant Power Feed to Facility
Services
Services -Cont.
Chapter 4. Power Distribution and Utilization--Transformers
Temperature and kVA.
Figure 4-1. Insulation System Ratings
Impedance
Noise
Basic Impulse Insulation Levels (BIL )
Medium Voltage Transformers
Buck-Boost Transformers
K-Factor Transformers
Transformer Installation Criteria
Figure 4-2. Spacing Requirements for Transformers Rated 112.5 kVA or Less
Fire Protection Criteria
Information Sources - ufc_3_520_010052
Information Sources -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010053
Chapter 5. Power Distribution and Utilization -Switchgear, Load Centers and Breakers
Switchgear and Switchboards General Criteria
High Voltage Switchgear
Table 5-1. Medium Voltage Switchgear Voltage Ratings
Interrupting Duty
Low Voltage Conductors in Medium Voltage Switchgear
Panelboards
Panelboards -Cont.
Motor Control Centers
Information Sources - ufc_3_520_010063
Information Sources -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010064
Chapter 6. Power Distribution and Utilization -Raceway and Wiring
Raceway Criteria
Wiring System Criteria
Wiring System Criteria -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010068
Wiring System Criteria -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010069
Sizing Wiring Systems for Energy Savings
Convenience Outlets and Receptacles
Wiring for Temporary Power and Lighting
Wiring for Temporary Power and Lighting -Cont.
Table 6-1. Electrical System Problems Caused by Improper Wiring
Chapter 7. Power Distribution and Utilization-Motors and Motor Control Circuits
Table 7-1. Minimum Full -Load Motor Efficiencies
Table 7-2. Motor Altitude Derating Factors
Adjustable Speed Drives - ufc_3_520_010078
Adjustable Speed Drives - ufc_3_520_010079
Adjustable Speed Drives -Cont.
Chapter 8. Power Distribution and Utilization-Other Design Criteria
Table 8-1. Working Space Clearances 600 Volts and Below
Figure 8-2. Associated Equipment Maximum Extension into Work Space
Figure 8-3. Dedicated Clear Space Above Equipment
Equipment Rated Above 600 Volts
Table 8-2. NEMA Enclosure Types
Table 8-3. Indoor Nonhazardous Locations
Table 8-4. Indoor Hazardous Applications
Table 8-5. Hazardous Location Classifications
400-Hertz Distribution Systems
Metering - ufc_3_520_010091
Chapter 9. Electrical System Protection and Coordination
Coordination Study Description
Coordination Time Intervals
Direct-Acting Trip Circuit Breakers and Fuses
Overcurrent Relay
Coordination Curves
Figure 9-1. Selective Coordination Example
Figure 9-2. Selective Coordination Example with Fuses
Coordination Analysis
Coordination Study Report
Protective Relays
Current Transformers (CT)
Table 9-1. Low Voltage Fuse Classifications
Overload Relays
Overload Relays -Cont.
Figure 9-3. Simplified Solid -State Trip Unit
Table 9-2. Protective Device Designations
Table 9-2. Protective Device Designations -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010109
Table 9-2. Protective Device Designations -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010110
Table 9-2. Protective Device Designations -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010111
Table 9-3. Protective Device Suffix Designations
Chapter 10. Grounding, Bonding,and Lighting Protection
Figure 10-1. Purpose of Static Grounding
Connection to the Grounding Electrode
Commercial Building Groundin g and Bonding Requirements for Telecommunications
Lightning Protection - ufc_3_520_010117
Information Sources - ufc_3_520_010118
Chapter 11. Surge Protection
Parallel Versus Series Protection
Figure 11-1. Simplified Facility Layout
Minimizing Lead Length for Parallel Surge Protectors
Figure 11-3. Optimal Installation of Surge Protector Leads Second Example
Figure 11-5. Less-Than-Optimal Installation by Including Safety Switch
Acceptance Tests
Surge Protection for Communications and Related Systems
Surge Protection for Communications and Related Systems -Cont.
Chapter 12. Power System Quality
Figure 12-1. Typical Derating Factor for Three-Phase Induction Motors
Table 12-1. Low Voltage System Classification and Distortion Limits
Harmonic Current Effects on Transformers
Power Quality Design
Table 12-2. Power Quality Summary
Shielded Isolation Transformers
Nonlinear Load Design Considerations
Potential Neutral Current Magnitudes
Installation Design Criteria
Information Sources - ufc_3_520_010138
Chapter 13. Emergency and Standby Power Systems
Emergency Power System
Classifying Emergency Power Loads
Engine Generators - ufc_3_520_010142
Engine Generators -Cont.
Engine Generators -Cont.
Selection and Performance
Table 13-1. Performance of Selected UPS Designs
Sizing - ufc_3_520_010147
Selection of a Large UPS System or Multiple Smaller UPS Systems
Design Criteria - ufc_3_520_010149
Site Survey for an Installation
Open Transition Transfer (Break Before Make)
Figure 13-1. Open Transition Transfer
Figure 13-2. Closed Transition Transfer
Continuous Current Rating
Table 13-3. Typical ATS Continuous Current Ratings
Table 13-4. Typical ATS Fault Current Ratings
Simultaneous Closure of Both ATS Power Sources
Effect of Motor Loads
Figure 13-3. Induction Motor Open Circuit Voltage Decay
Maintaining Ground Fault Protection
Information Sources - ufc_3_520_010161
Chapter 14. Stationary Battery Systems
Battery Areas and Battery Racks
Figure 14-1. Battery Room Clearances
Figure 14-2. Two-Step Battery Rack Configurations (End View)
Figure 14-3. Larger Battery Rack Configurations (End View)
Installation Design Considerations
Installation Requirements - ufc_3_520_010168
Battery Chargers
Battery Protection
Chapter 15. Lighting
Chapter 16. Communications and Information Systems
Chapter 17. Auxillary and Support Systems
Clock Systems
Chapter 18. Facility Specific Design Criteria
High Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse (Hemp) and Tempest Protection
Tropical Engineering
Glossary - ufc_3_520_010178
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010179
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010180
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010181
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010182
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010183
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010184
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010185
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010186
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010187
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010188
Glossary -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010189
Appendix A: References - ufc_3_520_010190
Appendix A: References -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010191
Appendix A: References -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010192
Appendix A: References -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010193
Appendix A: References -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010194
Appendix A: References -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010195
Appendix A: References -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010196
Appendix A: References -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010197
Appendix B: Calculation Methods and Examples
Figure B -2. Sample Short Circuit Results--2 MVA Transformer
Figure B -3. Overduty Molded Case Circuit Breakers
Transformer Rated Current
Tranformer Impedance Effects
Transformer Sizing
Energy Savings with Oversized Conductors
Energy Savings with Oversized Conductors -Cont.
Adjustable Speed Drive Economic Evaluation
Figure B -4. Adjustable Speed Drive Economic Evaluation
Figure B -5. Typical Motor Load Profile With Motor Operating at Half of Rated Load
Table B -1. Example Adjustable Speed Drive Energy Savings Worksheet
Figure B -6. Lead Length Effect on Let-Through Voltage
Automatic Transfer Switch Sizing
Appendix C: Capacitors for Power Factor Correction
Determining Capacitor Size
Table C -1. Correction Factors for Capacitor Sizing
Capacitor Ratings
Table C -2. Common Capacitor Reactive Power Ratings
Design Criteria - ufc_3_520_010217
Information Sources - ufc_3_520_010218
Appendix D:Surge Protector Performance and Evaluation Criteria
Figure D-1. UL 1449 Listed Surge Protector
UL 1449 Surge Suppression Rating
Surge Current Rating
Table D -3. Minimum Allowed Surge Current Rating
Table D -4. UL 1449 Modes of Protection
Installation Capability
Figure D -4. Excessive Lead Length Caused by Over-Sized Enclosure
Sine Wave Tracking
Appendix E: Stationary Battery and Charger Sizing
Figure E -1. Generalized Duty Cycle
Table E -1. Temperature Correction Factors for Vented Lead-Acid Cells (1.215 Specific Gravity)
Battery Sizing for Ups Applications
Battery Sizing for Ups Applications -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010232
Battery Sizing for Ups Applications -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010233
Battery Sizing for Engine Starting Applications
Charger Sizing
Charger Sizing -Cont.
Appendix F: Interior Lighting
Applicable Documents and Standards
Determining Light Quantity Requirements
Figure F -1. Lighting Plan Showing Phase Rotated HID Luminaires
Table F -1. Light Source Applications According to Source Color
Table F -2. Appropriate Color Rendering Indices
Human Factors
Other Human Factors
Full Size and U -Bent Fluorescent Lamps
Metal Halide Lamps
Low Pressure Sodium Lamps
Setting Environmental and Installation Requirements
Fluorescent Lighting Systems
HID Lighting Systems
Considerations for Incandescent, HID, or Compact Fluorescent Lamps
Lighting Calculations
Calculations of Lighting for Exterior Areas
Table F -3. Control Considerations for Various Light Sources
Table F -4. Energy Savings when Combining Controls
Dimming Controls
Dimming Controls -Cont.
Multip le Lighting Level Controls
Basic Principles - ufc_3_520_010259
Background
Emergency Lighting Requirements
Acceptable Exit Signs
Testing of Emergency Lighting Equipment
Criteria for Specific Facilities
Special Considerations for Computer Intensive Workspaces
Health Care Facilities - ufc_3_520_010266
Existing Troffer Systems - ufc_3_520_010267
Existing HID Industrials, Floodlights, Downlights and Other Luminaires
Periodic Relamping
Table F -5. THD of Various Devices
Appendix G: Air force Communications and Information Systems
Design Criteria - ufc_3_520_010272
Communications Systems
Table G-1. CER Size Requirements
Modular/Movable Equipment and Construction Items
Communications and Information Engineering Management
Table G-2. Project Book Reminders for Communications and Information Systems
Table G-2. Project Book Reminders for Communications and Information Systems -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010278
Table G-2. Project Book Reminders for Communications and Information Systems -Cont. - ufc_3_520_010279
