TM 5-815-1/AFR 19-6
(4) Opacity. For information on the use of
such factors as incinerator design, refuse type, incin-
erator capacity, method of feeding, and method of
visible opacity measurement as an aid to
operation. Improved incinerator performance reduces
achieving efficient combustion, see
both dust loading and mean particle size.
paragraph 3-8.
(1) Incinerator capacity. Large incinerators burn
b. Data reduction. The state regulations for particu-
refuse at higher rates creating more turbulent
late emissions are expressed in a variety of units. The
gas flow conditions at the grate surface.
following techniques permit the user to reduce particu-
Rapid, turbulent, combustion aided by the
late test data to grains per dry standard cubic foot at 12
use of more underfire air causes particle
percent CO2, as well as to convert other particulate
suspension and carry over from the
concentration units, as used by some states, to this
incinerator grate surface resulting in higher
basis.
emission rates for large incinerators.
(1) Test data conversion to grains per dry stand-
(2) Underfire air flow. The effect of increasing
ard cubic foot at 12 percent CO2. Equation
underfire grate air flow is to increase particu-
2-1 applies.
0.68
late emission rate.
Cs at 12 percent CO2 '
CO2
(3) Excess air Excess air is used to control com-
(eq. 2-1)
(tm % 460)
bustion efficiency and furnace temperatures.
C
Incinerators are operated at levels of excess
p
air from 50 percent to 400 percent. However,
where: Cs at 12 percent CO2 particulate
particulate emission levels increase with the
concentration in grains per dry standard
amount of excess air employed. Increases in
cubic foot at gas conditions corrected to 12
excess air create high combustion gas
percent CO2 and standard temperature of 68
velocities and particle carry over. Excess air
degrees Fahrenheit.
is important as a furnace temperature control
C
= particulate concentration
because incomplete combustion will occur at
at test conditions in grains
furnace temperatures below 1400 degrees
per dry cubic foot of gas
Fahrenheit, and ash slagging at the grate sur-
tm = gas temperature at the test
face and increased NOX emissions will occur
equipment conditions
above furnace temperatures of 1900 degrees
CO2 = percent by volume of the
Fahrenheit.
CO2 in the dry gas
2-5
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