UFC 4-152-01
28 July 2005
Apply an impact factor of 15 percent for all wheel loads and outrigger float loads
when designing slab, beams, and pile caps. The impact factor need not be applied
when designing piles and other substructure elements, when designing filled
structures, and where wheel loads are distributed through paving and ballast (1.5 ft
[0.46 m] or more).
3-3.6
Forklift and Straddle Carrier Loadings.
3-3.6.1
See Figure 3-4 for wheel loads from forklifts. Determine contact areas for wheel
loads in accordance with AASHTO. For hard rubber wheels or other wheels not
inflated, assume the wheel contact area to be a point load.
3-3.6.2
Straddle Carriers.
See Figure 3-5 for wheel loads for a straddle carrier. The straddle carrier shown is
capable of lifting a loaded 20-ft (6.1 m) container or a loaded 40-ft (12.2 m)
container.
3-3.6.3
Impact.
Apply an impact factor of 15 percent to the maximum wheel loads in the design of
slabs, beams and pile caps. The impact factor need not be applied when designing
piles and other substructure elements, when designing filled structures, and where
wheel loads are distributed through paving and ballast (1.5 ft [0.46 m] or more).
3-3.7
Loading on Railroad Tracks.
For freight car wheel loads, use a live load of 8000 lbs/ft of track corresponding to
Cooper E-80 designation of the American Railway Engineering Association (AREA)
Manual for Railway Engineering. In the design of slabs, girders, and pile caps, apply
an impact factor of 20 percent. Impact is not applicable for the design of piles and
filled structures, or where loads are distributed through paving and ballast (1.5 ft
[0.46 m] or more).
3-3.8
Buoyancy.
Typically, piers and wharf decks are not kept low enough to be subjected to buoyant
forces. However, portions of the structure, such as utility trenches and vaults, may
be low enough to be subject to buoyancy forces, which are essentially uplift forces
applied at the rate of 64 psf (3064.3 Pa) of plan area for every foot of submergence
below water level.
3-3.9
Wave Loading.
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