MIL-HDBK-1027/1B
Section 5:
PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
5.1
Permits
a) OPNAVINST 5090.1, Environmental and Natural
Resources Protection Manual, Chapter 6, Air Pollution Abatement
states the firefighting schools should comply with state open
burning regulations or have prior Chief of Naval Operations
(CNO) approval for a delayed compliance request.
b) Discharge permits for air and water should be
negotiated with the state for each site. This should be done
early in the project so the scope of monitoring and treatment
can be determined. It is important to have discharge
information adequately prepared and use a positive approach.
Water usage permits may also be required depending on locality,
municipal, or State regulations. For typical air emissions, see
Table 15; for wastewater characteristics, see Table 16.
5.2
Air. The 19F series trainers use propane for fuel,
dramatically reducing criteria (PM1O/TSP, VOCs, CO, SOX, etc.)
and other hazardous air pollutants. However, benzene as a
combustion by-product is still emitted in sufficient
concentrations to require emission control devices under some
circumstances. In addition, the surrogate PKP and artificial
smoke training agents generate regulated emissions as discussed
below. Continuous monitoring of the air effluent may be
required to determine code compliance. This should be
negotiated with local air pollution control authorities.
5.2.1
PKP. One of the parameters used to choose the PKP
surrogate was particle size. Grade No. 2 sodium bicarbonate was
chosen. Ninety percent of its particles are larger than 44
microns with an average particle size of 100 microns. Ninety
percent of normal PKP particles are smaller than 44 microns with
an average particle size of 20 microns. For comparison, a human
hair is approximately 100 microns in diameter. The large
particle PKP substitute is less diffusive than PKP with most
particulate falling out before the effluent leaves the training
compartment. For maximum particulate emission rates see
Appendix A, Figure A-10.
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