MIL-HDBK-1005/9A
2.2.4
Planning and Design Procedures. See Figure 1 for an
illustration of stepwise procedures for planning and design of
an industrial waste treatment project. Refer to NAVFACINST
4862.5 for additional guidance.
2.3
Source Control and Waste Reduction. Investigations
should be undertaken to determine the characteristics of wastes,
their sources, and potential means for reducing waste quantities
prior to proceeding on any industrial waste collection and
treatment project.
2.3.1
Source Characterization. Identify wastewater sources
using typical industrial waste survey techniques, sewer plans,
process piping diagrams, and dye tracer methods. Develop
complete and updated wastewater flow schematics and current and
projected production rates.
2.3.2
Process Changes. Evaluate the potential for reducing
waste volume or strength through process changes such as:
changing cleanup operations from wet to dry methods; arranging
plating operations for countercurrent rinsing or solution
recovery; using wastewater from one process as a source of water
for another process (when the second process does not have a
high quality requirement); and recycling some wastewaters.
2.3.3
Source Separation. Separate uncontaminated flows,
such as storm water inlets, roof drains, building subdrains, and
uncontaminated cooling water from contaminated process flow to
minimize the volume requiring treatment. Consider combining
separate waste flows that are compatible for co-treatment, such
as neutralization by combining acid and alkaline flows.
Separate process wastewaters containing pollutants
whose individual treatment methods are not compatible or create
hazardous conditions. Examples of wastewater to be separated
are precipitation treatment of copper and lead (incompatible
since optimum pH of precipitation of each metal is not equal)
and acid reduction of hexavalent chrome in the presence of
cyanide (hazardous as it produces toxic hydrogen cyanide gas).
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