MIL-HDBK-1005/9A
local sewer use ordinances and EPA pretreatment requirements or
to reduce contaminants to threshold limits which will not
adversely affect biological treatment processes at NOTW.
Threshold limits will generally be greater than local and
pretreatment limits. Refer to Tables 1 and 3 for threshold
limits of heavy metals.
2.6.5
Physical-Chemical Treatment Process Selection. Most
industrial wastes from Navy facilities that are collected
separately will require physical-chemical treatment (refer to
MIL-HDBK-1005/8 for biological treatment alternatives which may
be considered for certain organic containing industrial wastes
following bench or pilot testing). The physical-chemical
treatment processes that should be evaluated are summarized in
Table 7.
Guidance for chemical selection and feeding
requirements is presented in Section 4. The following
paragraphs discuss the basic physical-chemical treatment
processes used for treatment of industrial wastes from Navy
facilities.
2.6.5.1
Neutralization. Neutralization is the reaction of
compounds having active hydrogen or hydroxyl ions to form water
and chemical salts. The degree of neutralization is measured by
pH. Flow and load equalization tanks may necessarily precede
the chemical neutralization process. Sludge production rates,
settleability, and dewaterability should be considered in
selection of neutralizing chemicals.
a) Chemicals. Lime, caustic soda, sulfuric acid,
waste acid and alkali, carbon dioxide, sodium bicarbonate,
limestone (beds), and combustion gases.
b) Waste Types and Characteristics. Neutralization
reactions may occur between a strong acid or base and a strong
base or acid, respectively, or between a strong acid or base and
a weak base or acid, respectively. The amounts of neutralizing
chemical required must be determined by laboratory testing and
preparation of titration curves.
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