MIL-HDBK-1005/9A
Table 9
Granular Carbon Adsorption Treatment Applications
Type of Carbon Adsorption Treatment
Design Factors
Secondary
Advanced
Pretreatment requirements
Chemical clarification using
Any type of standard primary
primary coagulants to achieve
with secondary processes.
maximum suspended solids
removals. If the suspended
solids concentration is higher
than 50 to 65 mg/L,
prefiltration should be
considered.
Activated carbon facilities:
Activated carbon particle size
8 x 30 mesh
8 x 30 or 12 x
40 mesh
2 to 6 gpm/ft2 (81.5 to 244.5
3 to 8 gpm/ft2
Hydraulic loading
(122.2 to 326.0
L/min-m2) with one unit being
L/min-m2) with
one unit being
backwashed and one unit out of
backwashed and
one unit out of
service.
service.
Contact time
30 to 50 min
15 to 40 min
20 to 30 gpm/ft2 (814.9 to
10 to 15 gpm/ft2
Backwash rate
(407.5 to 611.2 L/min-m2)
1222.4 L/min-m2)
Surface wash
Recommended
Recommended
Recommended bed expansion
40%
40%
Carbon bed depth
15 to 30 ft (4.6 to 9.2 m)
10 to 20 ft (3.05 to 6.10 m)
Flow configuration
Fixed beds in series or
Fixed beds in series or
parallel, moving beds, and
parallel, moving beds, and
expanded upflow beds.
expanded upflow beds.
Carbon requirements
Determine by experiment (range
Determine by experiment (range
= 300 to 1,000 lb/Mgd [3106 to
= 250 to 500 lb/Mgd
10,354 kg/m3-s]
[2588 to 5177 kg/m3-s])
Carbon regeneration facilities1
Multiple hearth2
Multiple hearth2
Regeneration type
Percent of time required on
40 to 60%
40 to 60%
stream
Additional makeup carbon per
10%
10%
pound carbon regenerated
1650 to 1800F (899 to 982C)
1650 to 1800F (899 to 982C)
Furnace operating temperature
Flue gas quench and scrubber
Flue gas quench and scrubber
equipment
system
system
Activate carbon performance
Determine by bench or pilot
Determine by bench or pilot
evaluation3
scale study
scale study
1
Use offsite regeneration unless economic advantages
significantly favor onsite facilities.
2
For a carbon regeneration requirement of less than 8,000 lb/d,
consider a rotary kiln type furnace.
3
For description of adsorption isotherm test and column test
procedures, refer to Process Design Techniques for Industrial
Waste Treatment, by Adams and Eckenfelder.
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