TM 5-815-1/AFR 19-6
CHAPTER 12
EMISSION CONTROL EQUIPMENT SELECTION FOR INCINERATORS
AND BOILERS
12-1.
Principles of selection
proximate properties and an analysis of the
residual ash.
a. Selection of emission control equipment is made
(4) Obtain required construction and operations
in three basic steps.
permit forms from applicable regulatory
(1) Performance. The control equipment must be
agencies, complete, and submit where
capable of continuously controlling the emis-
required.
sion of the pollutant below the permitted
(5) Obtain the requirements and restraints for dis-
quantities. The equipment type and design
posing of the collected pollutant. Under some
should have a proven record of meeting the
circumstances such as preliminary studies it
required removal or collection efficiency and
becomes necessary to calculate the process
the manufacturer should guarantee the
data and then use empirical data to estimate
equipment for continuous performance.
the emission quantities.
(2) Construction. The materials of construction
c. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
should be compatible with the characteristics
has published a Technical Manual 'AP-42" and
and constituents in the flue gases. Materials
excerpts from the EPA publication have been
should be resistant to erosion and corrosion
reproduced and included in Chapters 2 and 3 of this
and should be suitable for the operating tem-
manual to be used as a guide for predicting the emis-
peratures. The unit should have adequate
sions that will be generated by various fuels and com-
access manholes and service platforms and
bustions apparatus.
stairs to inspect and maintain the equipment.
d. Present emissions control requirements and laws
Units should be adequately insulated and
are complicated and stringent, and emission control
weather protected.
equipment represents a significant portion of the com-
(3) Operation. Where more than one design or
bustion equipment costs. Inadequately specified or
type of device can provide the necessary
applied control devices could be a very costly error. It
pollution control it then becomes necessary to
is advisable wherever possible to utilize qualified engi-
evaluate the various designs based on a life-
neers experienced in boiler or incinerator plant designs
cycle cost-analysis, and the ease of operation.
and operation of such tasks. It is beneficial for the
b. Preliminary information which is needed to prop-
engineer to also have experience in securing necessary
erly select pollution control equipment are as follows:
permits.
(1) Site-specific emissions limitations for the
stack serving the particular boiler or
12-2.
Flue gas properties
incinerator must be determined for the
a. Gas properties influence the design and perfor-
applicable source and ambient condition. This
information is to be derived from existing
mance of the pollution control equipment. When work-
federal, state and local regulations.
ing with a particular emission standard or code the gas
(2) Obtain detailed descriptions of the boiler or
properties must be converted to the units used in the
incinerator including the combustion control
codes, such as lbs per million BTU; gr/ACFM;
system(s) and all support auxiliaries including
DSCFM at 32; DSCFM at 68; DSCFM corrected to 8
outline drawings available from the manufac-
percent 02.
turers; and the predicted uncontrolled, gas-
eous emissions established for the units.
ated in the combustion process must be measured or
(3) For the particular fuel to be burned,
calculated to determine the required volumetric size of
determine the method of firing and maximum
the collection equipment. Flow-rate variations result in
continuous rated heat input per British
velocity changes and thus influence collector efficiency
Thermal Units per hour (BTU's/Hr) along
and pressure drop. It is necessary therefore to obtain
with applicable combustion calculations for
maximum, average, and minimum values for a cyclical
normal and upset operating conditions. This
or modulating operation.
c. Temperature. Gas temperature affects gas volume
may require a fuel analysis. In the case of coal
firing the analysis should include ultimate and
(and simultaneously collector volume) and materials of
12-1
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