MIL-HDBK-1003/7
20.2.5.2
Total Load Reduction...............................256
20.2.5.3
Minimum Power Supply...............................256
20.3
Methods of Load Shedding...........................256
20.3.1
Underfrequency Relaying............................256
20.3.1.1
Automatic Operation................................256
20.3.1.2
Critical Frequencies...............................256
20.3.1.3
Incremental Load Reduction.........................257
20.3.2
Transfer Trip Load Shedding........................257
20.3.3
Manual Load Shedding...............................257
20.3.3.1
Load Shedding Plan.................................257
20.3.3.2
Incremental Load Reduction.........................258
20.3.4
Point of Application...............................258
20.3.4.1
Local Application..................................258
20.3.4.2
Remote Application.................................258
20.4
Electrical Usage and Critcality....................258
20.4.1
Critical Loads.....................................259
20.4.1.1
Mission Critical Loads.............................259
20.4.1.2
Life Support Loads.................................259
20.4.1.3
Cost of Power Outage...............................259
20.4.1.4
Political Implications.............................259
20.4.2
Time-Critical Loads................................259
20.4.2.1
Seasonal Variations................................259
20.4.2.2
Diurnal Variations.................................259
20.4.2.3
Interruptible Loads................................259
20.4.3
Standby Power......................................260
20.4.4
Non-Critical Loads.................................260
POWER PLANT COGENERATION...........................261
21.1
Definition.........................................261
21.2
Cycles.............................................261
21.2.1
Basic Cycle........................................261
21.2.2
Combined Cycle.....................................261
21.3
Efficiency.........................................261
21.4
Methods of Operation...............................261
21.4.1
Parallel Operation.................................261
21.4.1.1
Reasons for Paralleling............................261
21.4.2
Isolated Operation.................................263
21.4.2.1
Reasons for Isolation..............................263
Page
21.4.2.2
Electric Utility Crosstie..........................263
21.4.3
Base Load Thermal..................................263
21.4.4
Base Load Electric.................................263
21.4.5
Electric Peak Shaving..............................263
21.4.6
Electric and Thermal Tracking......................264
21.4.6.1
Electric Tracking..................................264
21.4.6.2
Thermal Tracking...................................264
21.5
Interconnection with Utility.......................264
21.5.1
Operation Requirements.............................264
21.5.2
Interconnection Equipment..........................265
21.5.2.1
Utility Standby Service............................265
21.5.2.2
Parallel Operation.................................265
21.5.3
Line and Equipment Protection......................265
21.5.4
Utility Power Rates................................266
21.5.4.1
Demand Charge......................................266
21.5.4.2
Energy Charge......................................266
21.5.4.3
Total Electric Billing.............................266
21.5.4.4
Other Factors for Sale of Electricity..............266
21.5.4.5
Purchase of Electricity............................267
21.6
Economics..........................................268
21.6.1
Fuel Savings.......................................268
21.6.2
Competitive Systems................................268
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