UFC 4-150-07
19 June 2001
Figure 2-9 Breakwater Section
2-3.1
Fender Systems. Fender systems are used on piers to protect the
ship and the pier during berthing operations and while the ship is moored. The
most widely used fender system consists of timber fender piles, timber wales,
and chocks, with rubber compression fender units between the system and the
pier to absorb berthing impacts. This type of system is the highest maintenance
cost portion of the pier. The trend is toward using longer lasting and more
resilient fender systems with less reliance on treated timber because of
environmental concerns.
The main types of fenders, and their components, that may be found
installed in ports are:
Fender pile systems: timber, steel, concrete, or composite piles.
Fenders fixed to the pier ("rubber" refers to various elastomeric
plastic materials):
a. Rubber-in-compression units: cylindrical, rectangular,
trapezoidal, wing-type, and D-shaped units.
b. Rubber-in-shear fenders: rectangular rubber column and Raykin
fender.
c. Buckling fender: buckling column fender and cylindrical cell
fender.
Resilient, floating pneumatic and foam-filled fenders connected or
suspended from the pier or backed up by closely driven steel or
concrete fender piles. MIL-HDBK-1025/1 gives more in-depth
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