MIL-HDBK-1005/9A
Section 3:
OILY WASTEWATER COLLECTION AND TREATMENT
3.1
Objectives. Section 311(b)(3) of the FWPCA prohibits
the discharge of oil in harmful quantities into or upon the
navigable waters of the United States. As indicated in the
Title 40 CFR Part 110, Discharge of Oil, discharges in
quantities that violate applicable water quality standards and
cause a visible sheen upon the water are considered harmful.
Treatment of oil discharges or oily wastes is frequently
required at naval installations.
3.2
Sources. Oily waste originates in numerous locations
on board ships and throughout shore facilities. The largest (by
volume) source is shipboard oily waste. The design criteria
presented herein have been primarily developed for treatment of
oily wastes from ships.
3.2.1
Pierside and Barge Collection of Shipboard Oily Waste.
Wastewater collected in the bilges of ships normally contains
about 1 percent oil and grease and some heavy metals and organic
contaminants. This waste may not be directly discharged to
public waters, and in many cases it is unsuitable for discharge
to a POTW. Full treatment to direct discharge standards or
pretreatment to reduce pollutants to acceptable levels for
municipal sewer discharge is necessary. Bilge wastes are
normally the primary influent, both in volume and contaminant
concentration, to an oily waste treatment system. Occasionally,
compensating ballast water is discharged from ships and barges
directly overboard. As of this writing, Puget Sound Washington
activities are required by the local regulatory agencies to
collect compensating ballast water during ship's refueling
operations. This waste contains lower contaminant levels than
bilge wastes but usually requires treatment before disposal.
3.2.2
Aircraft and Vehicle Maintenance Operations. Spills
of lubricating, hydraulic, and turbine oils to building drains
can occur. Route drains through oil-water separator to sanitary
sewer or to industrial sewer if metal or organics removal is
required. Implement oil use and recovery plans. Minimize
working area for outside maintenance installations to minimize
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