TM 5-810-15
CHAPTER 2
STEAM PLANT LOCATION, SITE DEVELOPMENT AND PLANT STRUCTURES
c. Waste material control. State regulations con-
2-1. General.
trol disposal of coal ash and FGD wastes and the
Each potential plant site will be evaluated to
selection of landfill site.
determine which is the most economically feasible
for the size of plant being considered.
2-3. Water supply.
a. Steam plant location. The process of evaluat-
a. General requirements. Water supply should be
ing and selecting a possible steam plant site must
include the following activities. Identify region of
adequate to meet present and future plant require-
interest. Apply exclusionary criteria to eliminate
ments. The supply may be available from a local
unsuitable areas within region of interest. Identify
municipal or privately owned system, or it may be
candidate sites. Prepare site specific layouts and
necessary to utilize surface or subsurface sources.
conduct conceptual engineering studies of the can-
(1) Plant requirements must be estimated for
didate site. Rank candidate sites, based on analyses.
all uses, including feedwater makeup, auxiliary
Select most suitable site.
cooling, ash transport, coal dust suppression, fire
(1) The evaluations of candidate sites are
protection, and domestic uses.
performed by specialists from the fields of environ-
(2) Provide backflow preventer upstream of
mental engineering, biology/ecology, ground and
water treatment, ash handling equipment, FGD
surface water hydrology, geology and seismology,
system and hose bibbs.
b. Quality. Water quality and type of treatment
soils and foundation engineering, meteorology, de-
mography, land use and zoning, sociology and
required will be compatible with the type of plant
economics, system planning, and law.
to be built. Surface and groundwater sources must
(2) Selection of the site will be based on the
be evaluated for sufficient quantity and quality.
c. Water rights. If water rights are required, it
availability of usable land for the plant, including
yard structures, fuel handling facilities, and any
will be necessary to insure that an agreement for
future expansion. Other considerations that will be
water rights provides sufficient quantity for present
taken into account in site selection are: soil infor-
and future use.
d. Water wells. If the makeup to the closed
mation, site drainage, wind date, seismic zone, and
ingress and egress. For economic purposes and
system is from water wells, a study to determine
operational efficiency, the plant site will be located
water table information and well drawdown will be
as close to the load center as environmental
required. If this information is not available, test
conditions permit.
well studies must be made.
b. Lead time. The amount of lead time necessary
e. Once through system. If the plant has a once
to perform the studies, and to submit the required
through cooling system, the following will be
environmental impact statements should also be
determined:
considered in site selection, since this lead time will
(1) The limitations established by the appro-
vary from site to site. Environmentally sensitive
priate regulatory bodies which must be met to
areas will probably require lengthier studies,
obtain a permit required to discharge heated water
delaying construction. If steam load demands must
to the source.
be met within a limited time period, this factor
(2) Maximum allowable temperature rise
becomes more important. Generally, the lead time
permissible as compared to system design
interval should be 18 to 24 months.
parameters. If system design temperature rise
exceeds permissible rise, a supplemental cooling
system (cooling tower or spray pond) must be
2-2. Environmental regulations.
incorporated into the design.
a. Air quality control. Central steam boiler plants
(3) Maximum allowable temperature for
must meet current Federal, State and local
river or lake after mixing of cooling system effluent
regulations.
with source. If mixed temperature is higher than
b. Water quality control. Waste water must com-
allowable temperature, a supplemental cooling sys-
ply with current regulations including discharge of
tem must be added. It is possible to meet the
free available chlorine (FAG), pH, total suspended
conditions of (2) above and not meet the conditions
solids (TSS), oil/grease, copper (Cu), iron (Fe),
in this subparagraph.
polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), and heat.
2-1
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