MIL-HDBK-1005/9A
c) Thermal Degradation. Thermal degradation methods,
such as incineration and co-firing, can be used for sludge
disposal. Thermal degradation is not the ultimate method of
disposal. It produces three secondary streams (effluents): flue
gas (air), scrub water, and ash. Each effluent requires
additional treatment. Thermal degradation methods are technically
and operationally very complex, and associated costs are high.
The hazardous waste reduction by thermal degradation methods is
controlled by a series of Federal laws (RCRA, Clean Air Act, Clean
Water Act, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)) as well as State
regulations and local ordinances. Currently, due to high cost,
technical complexity, and extensive regulations, this is the last
alternative to be considered.
3.10.9
Oil Reclamation. Oil is recovered in the LET and the
induced gravity separator and should be reclaimed. Emulsified oil
may also be reclaimed but requires further treatment to
destabilize the emulsion. Oil reclaimed from oily waste treatment
plants can be used for boiler fuel if it meets specifications.
3.10.9.1 Demulsification. Oils contaminated with water, or
heavily emulsified (usually water-in-oils emulsion, but may be
oil-in-water) may be demulsified sufficiently to produce fuel oil
reclaimed quality oil. The most common method is that of organic
demulsifying agents or polymers used in conjunction with heat.
Some emulsions respond better to various filtration techniques,
such as the use of a precoated plate and frame filter. However,
this technique often requires the emulsion to be pretreated with a
"conditioner" for filtration to be a success. Bench scale tests
are required to choose the most appropriate technique. This
technique can feasibly separate out quality oil and produce a
reduced amounts of sludge that is non-leachable (an important
factor in determining how and where you will dispose of the
sludge). Centrifugation has also proved to be a viable method,
but tends to be more labor intensive and requires dedicated
personnel to the operation and maintenance of the centrifuge
itself. For larger quantities, this should be the last method
considered.
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